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This first volume of PISA 2009 survey results provides comparable data on 15-year-olds' performance on reading, mathematics and science across 65 countries. The volume opens with an introduction explaining what PISA is and how PISA 2009 is different from previous PISA surveys.  The introduction also explains what PISA 2009 measures and how.  A reader's guide provides information needed to interpret the data. Chapter 2 provides a summary of the findings related to performance in reading, the focus of the 2009 survey. Chapter 3 provides a summary of the findings related to performance in mathematics and science. A final chapter explores policy implications in five areas: low performance, pursuing excellence, strengths and weaknesses in different kinds of reading, student performance in math and science, and the potential to improve performance across the world. Annexes provide detailed statistical data and technical information.

Education --- Social Sciences --- Theory & Practice of Education --- Examinations --- Interpretation. --- Interpretation of examinations --- Test interpretation --- Test results --- Validity

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Why do we need more questionnaires to measure aspects of spirituality/religiosity when we already have so many well-tried instruments in use? One answer is that research in this field is growing and that new research questions continuously do arise. Several of these new questions cannot be easily answered with the instruments designed for previous questions. The field is expanding and, consequently, the research topics. Meanwhile several multidimensional instruments were developed which cover existential, prosocial, religious and non-religious forms of spirituality, hope, peace and trust-and several more. The 'disadvantage' of these instruments is the fact that some are conceptually broad and often rather unspecific, but they might be suited quite well for culturally and spiritually diverse populations when the intention is to compare such diverse groups. This is the reason why more research on new instruments is needed as can be found in this Special Issue, and to stimulate a critical debate about their pros and cons.

Religion and science. --- Examinations --- Validity. --- Test results --- Test validity --- Validity of examinations --- Christianity and science --- Geology --- Geology and religion --- Science --- Science and religion --- Interpretation --- Religious aspects

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Integrating Timing Considerations to Improve Testing Practices synthesizes a wealth of theory and research on time issues in assessment into actionable advice for test development, administration, and scoring. One of the major advantages of computer-based testing is the capability to passively record test-taking metadata-including how examinees use time and how time affects testing outcomes. This has opened many questions for testing administrators. Is there a trade-off between speed and accuracy in test taking? What considerations should influence equitable decisions about extended-time accommodations? How can test administrators use timing data to balance the costs and resulting validity of tests administered at commercial testing centers? In this comprehensive volume, experts in the field discuss the impact of timing considerations, constraints, and policies on valid score interpretations; administrative accommodations, test construction, and examinees' experiences and behaviors; and how to implement the findings into practice. These 12 chapters provide invaluable resources for testing professionals to better understand the inextricable links between effective time allocation and the purposes of high-stakes testing. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Examinations --- Educational tests and measurements --- Validity. --- Educational assessment --- Educational measurements --- Mental tests --- Tests and measurements in education --- Psychological tests for children --- Psychometrics --- Students --- Psychological tests --- Test results --- Test validity --- Validity of examinations --- Rating of --- Interpretation

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303.72 --- #SBIB:303H520 --- Vormen van analyse --(sociaal onderzoek) --- Methoden sociale wetenschappen: techniek van de analyse, algemeen --- Examinations --- Test bias --- Validity. --- Evaluation. --- 303.72 Vormen van analyse --(sociaal onderzoek) --- Bias in tests --- Prejudice in testing --- Discrimination in education --- Educational tests and measurements --- Test results --- Test validity --- Validity of examinations --- Validity --- Evaluation --- Interpretation

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Precision medicine is rapidly becoming the standard-of-care for the treatment of cancer patients. This is made possible, in part, by the ready availability and reasonable costs of comprehensive DNA and RNA sequencing assays. However, precision medicine is complex and incorporates entirely new types of data and treatment paradigms that are outside of the training of most oncologists in practice today. Precision Medicine Oncology: A Primer is a concise review of the fundamental principles and applications of precision medicine, intended for clinicians, particularly those working in oncology. It provides an accessible introduction to the technological advances in DNA and RNA sequencing, gives a detailed overview of approaches to the interpretation of molecular test results and their point-of-care implementation for individual patients, and describes innovative clinical trial designs in oncology as well as characteristics of the computational infrastructures through which massive quantities of data are collected, stored, and used in precision medicine oncology.

Tumors --- Medical Oncology --- Precision Medicine --- Neoplasms --- Tumours --- Pathology --- Cysts (Pathology) --- Oncology --- therapy. --- Individualized medicine --- Personalized medicine --- Medical care --- Pharmacogenetics --- Medicine, oncology, precision medicine, cancer, cancer treatment, cancer patients, clinicians, medical practice, DNA, RNA, comprehensive DNA sequencing, comprehensive RNA sequencing, technological advances, molecular test results, oncologists, medical students, fellows in oncology, nurses, physician assistants, molecular tumor board, next-generation sequencing, comprehensive genomic profiling, individualized medicine.