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International movements --- International law --- Terrorism --- National security --- Security, International --- Civil rights --- Human rights --- Prevention --- International cooperation --- Law and legislation --- Terrorism - Prevention - Congresses --- Terrorism - Prevention - International cooperation - Congresses --- National security - Law and legislation - Congresses --- Security, International - Congresses --- Civil rights - Congresses --- Human rights - Congresses

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1 2 Konstantine V. Frolov and Gregory B. Baecher 1 2 Director of the Institute for Machine Sciences, RAS; and University of Maryland The objective of the Workshop on Protection of Civilian Infrastructure From Acts of Terrorism was to lay the foundation for a risk-informed - proach to modeling, analyzing, predicting, managing, and controlling mul- sector Infrastructure networks in the face of human threats and errors. The goal was to combine the insights of a spectrum of disciplines across en- neering, public policy, planning, and economics. The workshop addressed the need to develop an understanding for s- tems behaviors and vulnerabilities of interacting networks; create a ri- informed analysis capability for modeling and predicting the behavior of complex networks; apply emerging technology to the problems of desi- ing, constructing, monitoring, and operating critical infrastructure; and build an understanding of the social, economic, and environmental factors that affect, and are affected by, critical infrastructure. The objective was to develop an understanding of the vulnerability of critical systems to various modes of terrorist attack. The benefit of developing such understanding is that approaches can be crafted to reducing vulnerability and to containing or limiting the propagation of failure within an infrastructure system, thus limiting the impact of terrorism. This also leads to improved understanding of infrastructure systems in general, not only in the face of threats but also natural hazards. Areas of research need and capability were identified, along with opportunities for future exchange and collaboration.

Terrorism --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- Terrorisme --- Prevention --- Congresses --- Security measures --- Prévention --- Congrès --- Infrastructure (Economics) -- Security measures -- Congresses. --- Terrorism -- Prevention -- Congresses. --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Capital, Social (Economics) --- Economic infrastructure --- Social capital (Economics) --- Social infrastructure --- Social overhead capital --- Engineering. --- Science. --- System theory. --- Mechanical engineering. --- Civil engineering. --- Civil Engineering. --- Mechanical Engineering. --- Systems Theory, Control. --- Science, general. --- Economic development --- Human settlements --- Public goods --- Public works --- Capital --- Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering --- Machinery --- Steam engineering --- Systems, Theory of --- Systems science --- Science --- Philosophy --- Systems theory.

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The basic logic is very simple. Countries around the globe have a need for more electrical generating capacity because of increases in population and increases in energy use per capita. The needs are constrained by the requirement that the ba- load energy source be economical, secure, and not emit climate-changing gases. Nuclear power fits this description. Therefore, many countries that have not had a nuclear power program (or only had a small program) see a need to develop one in the future. However, the development of a national nuclear energy program is not so simple. The purpose of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nuclear Power and Energy Security was to contribute to our understanding of how these programs might evolve. The workshop took place 26–29 May 2009 in Yerevan, Armenia. Approximately 50 participants discussed the infrastructure that is needed and some of the reactor options that might be considered. The papers in this book helped define the discussion that took place. The infrastructure that is needed includes a legal framework, a functioning regulator, a plan for waste disposal, a plan for emergency response, etc. These needs were explained and just as importantly, it was explained what international, bilateral, and regional cooperation is available. Although there were many co- tries represented, the Armenian experience was of particular interest because of where the meeting was located. The papers on reactor options covered both innovative and evolutionary designs.

Energy policy -- Congresses. --- Nuclear energy -- Congresses. --- Nuclear energy -- Safety measures -- Congresses. --- Nuclear power plants -- Security measures -- Congresses. --- Nuclear terrorism -- Prevention -- Congresses. --- Security, International -- Congresses. --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear power plants --- Nuclear terrorism --- Security, International --- Energy policy --- Safety measures --- Security measures --- Prevention --- Atomic power plants --- Nuclear power stations --- Power plants, Nuclear --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Environment. --- Nuclear energy. --- Particle acceleration. --- Quality control. --- Reliability. --- Industrial safety. --- Nuclear engineering. --- Radiation protection. --- Radiation --- Environmental management. --- Environmental Management. --- Nuclear Engineering. --- Effects of Radiation/Radiation Protection. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Quality Control, Reliability, Safety and Risk. --- Nuclear Energy. --- Safety measures. --- Terrorism --- Nuclear facilities --- Power-plants --- Antinuclear movement --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Environmental protection. --- System safety. --- Safety, System --- Safety of systems --- Systems safety --- Accidents --- Industrial safety --- Systems engineering --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Management --- Acceleration --- Radiation—Safety measures. --- Industrial accidents --- Industries --- Job safety --- Occupational hazards, Prevention of --- Occupational health and safety --- Occupational safety and health --- Prevention of industrial accidents --- Prevention of occupational hazards --- Safety, Industrial --- Safety engineering --- Safety of workers --- System safety --- Dependability --- Trustworthiness --- Conduct of life --- Factory management --- Industrial engineering --- Reliability (Engineering) --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Standardization --- Quality assurance --- Quality of products --- Radiation monitoring --- Radiation protection