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In the Modern Mongolian language there are four verb forms which have traditionally been labelled as past tense markers, differing primarily in aspect. In the last two decades scholars have suspected that the past tenses endings may actually differ by marking evidentiality and inferentiality. The present study not only confirms this, but, using 350 glossed and analyzed examples drawn from a variety of sources, shows distinctions of degrees of remoteness as well, and details significant differences between the spoken and written languages.
Mongolian language --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Tense (Grammar) --- Mongolian languages --- Verb. --- Tense. --- Temporal constructions --- Linguistics --- Philology
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German language --- German language --- Radio broadcasting of sports --- Soccer --- Tense (Grammar) --- Aspect --- Verb
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Mathematical logic --- Time --- Ontology --- Tense (Grammar) --- Tense (Logic) --- Hours (Time) --- Geodetic astronomy --- Nautical astronomy --- Horology --- Logic, Tense --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Logic --- Being --- Philosophy --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Tense --- Ontology. --- Tense (Logic). --- Time. --- Tense (Grammar). --- Ontologie --- Temps (philosophie)
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Time and Modality is a unique work of reference; not only does it unite studies which explore the syntax and semantics of tense or modality but it is the first book of its kind to embrace the interaction of tense and modality within a coherent generative model. Various topics are covered in this volume: among them are the counterfactual uses of conditionals, modals, and past tense; the irrealis use of perfective aspect; a special English subjunctive; the interaction of tense assignment and the definition of an event; the modal verb as a causative verb; the interaction of modality, tense, and aktionsart; the contrast between deontic and epistemic modal with respect to tense interpretation; the syntax of epistemic modals; the long-awaited definition of generic and habitual sentence; and the introduction of intensionality in copular clauses. Although every article deals with English to some degree, two chapters compare the syntax and semantics of tense and modality in Spanish vs English. The authors also investigate Slavic, Germanic, Afro-Asiatic, Oriental, Amerindian Languages and Hungarian.
Grammar, Comparative and general --- Tense. --- Temporal constructions. --- Temporal constructions (Grammar) --- Tense (Grammar) --- Syntax --- Temporal constructions --- Modality --- Linguistics --- Philology
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Ontology --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Tense (Logic) --- Time --- Ontologie --- Temps (Linguistique) --- Temps (Logique) --- Temps --- Tense --- Time. --- Ontology. --- Tense (Grammar)
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It is commonly assumed that we conceive of the past and the future as symmetrical. In this book, Fabrizio Cariani develops a new theory of future-directed discourse and thought that shows that our linguistic and philosophical conceptions of the past and future are, in fact, fundamentally different. Future thought and talk, Cariani suggests, are best understood in terms of a systematic analogy with counterfactual thought and talk, and are not just mirror images of the past. Cariani makes this case by developing detailed formal semantic theories as well as by advancing less technical views about the nature of future-directed judgment and prediction. His book addresses in a thought-provoking way several important debates in contemporary philosophy, and his synthesis of parallel threads of research will benefit scholars in the philosophy of language, metaphysics, epistemology, linguistics and cognitive science.
Modality (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Tense. --- Temporal constructions. --- Temporal constructions (Grammar) --- Tense (Grammar) --- Linguistics --- Syntax --- Temporal constructions --- Philology
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This volume gathers nine contributions dealing with Aorists and Perfects. Drinka challenges the notion of Aoristic Drift in Romance languages. Walker considers two emergent uses of the Perfect in British English. Jara seeks to determine the constraints on tense choice within narrative discourse in Peruvian Spanish. Henderson argues for a theory based on Langacker’s ‘sequential scanning’ in Chilean and Uruguayan Spanish. Delmas looks at ’Ua in Tahitian, a polysemic particle with a range of aspectual and modal meanings. Bourdin addresses the expression of anteriority with just in English. Yerastov examines the distribution of the transitive be Perfect in Canadian English. Fryd offers a panchronic study of have-less perfect constructions in English. Eide investigates counterfactual present perfects in Mainland Scandinavian dialects.
Grammar, Comparative and general --- Tense. --- Temporal constructions. --- Historical linguistics --- Comparative linguistics --- Grammar --- Temps (linguistique) --- Syntaxe --- Syntaxe. --- Temporal constructions (Grammar) --- Tense (Grammar) --- Syntax --- Temporal constructions --- Linguistics --- Philology
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This book addresses recent developments in the study of tense from a cross-paradigm and cross-linguistic point of view. Leading international scholars explore challenging ideas about tense at the interfaces between semantics and syntax as well as syntax and morphology. The book is divided into three main subsections: 1) Tense in tenseless languages; 2) Tense, mood, and modality, and 3) Descriptive approaches to some tense phenonema. Although time is a universal dimension of the human experience, some languages encode reference to time without any grammatical tense morphology of the verb. Some of these exceptional "tenseless" languages are investigated in this volume: Kalaallisut, Paraguayan Guaraní and Movima. Modal verbs are polyfunctional in the sense that they express both tense and modality. In this volume, an untypical modal is analyzed, a modal analysis of imperatives is argued for, and sentential mood, which is closely related to modality, is analyzed. It is always interesting to look at the expression of tense in understudied languages, which is done here for Scottish Gaelic, Austronesian Rukai and German dialects. The volume can be used for graduate and undergraduate level teaching
Grammar, Comparative and general --- Temporal constructions (Grammar) --- Tense (Grammar) --- Tense. --- Temporal constructions. --- Syntax --- Temporal constructions --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Morphology. --- Semantics. --- Syntax. --- Typology / Language.
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The volume proposes original semantic analyses on items marking grammatical aspect. The contributions deal with structurally divergent languages, setting to the fore some less studied forms coding aspect, revisiting or challenging certain conventionalized views on aspectual categories and shedding light on interactions between aspect and modality, another multifaceted semantic category. In doing so, the volume is intended to emphasize the diversity of aspectual systems and the fuzzy semantics of grammatical aspect and help the reader to make their own mind on a topic traditionally viewed as a subcategory of verbal aspect together with lexical aspect. Contributors are Denis Apothéloz, Trang Phan and Nigel Duffield, Galia Hatav, Jens Fleischhauer and Ekaterina Gabrovska, Stephen M. Dickey, Adeline Patard, Laura Baranzini, Jaroslava Obrtelova.
Grammar, Comparative and general --- Modality (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Verb --- Tense (Grammar) --- Aspect (Linguistics) --- Aspect. --- Tense. --- Verb. --- Verb phrase --- Verbals --- Reflexives --- Temporal constructions --- Verbal aspect --- linguistics --- Philology
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This edition brings together some lesser known grammaticalization paths travelled by 'come' and 'go' in familiar and less familiar languages. No single book volume has been dedicated to the topic of grammatical targets different from tense and aspect so far. This study will increase our insight in grammaticalization processes in general as they force us to rethink certain aspects of grammaticalization.
Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and languages --- Syntax --- Reciprocals (Grammar) --- Tense (Grammar) --- Grammaticalization --- Semantics --- Grammaticalization. --- Tense. --- Reciprocals. --- Syntax. --- Reflexives --- Temporal constructions --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax
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