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Tenebrio molitor --- technical properties --- Fractionation --- solubilization --- Defatting --- Emulsifying --- Entomophagie --- Edible insect

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Actuellement, l’évolution démographique mondiale croît de manière alarmante et nous impose de revoir notre système de production alimentaire dans un contexte de crise environnementale. De plus, le vieillissement de la population dans les sociétés occidentales engendre de nouveaux défis socio-économiques. Ce travail se situe à la rencontre de ces problématiques et porte sur le développement et la commercialisation d’une crème-dessert à base d’insectes adaptée à l’alimentation des aînés. Les séniors placés en maisons de repos et de soin en Wallonie ont été choisis comme segment cible grâce à une étude de marché. Les caractéristiques du produit ont été établies suite à des enquêtes menées auprès de 30 sujets répartis dans plusieurs établissements wallons. Suite à ces démarches, un cahier des charges produit a été construit sur 5 axes : la sécurité, la santé, la satisfaction, le service et la société. Le premier axe a été satisfait par l’identification des dangers physiques, chimiques et microbiologiques. Des critères microbiologiques spécifiques liés aux insectes ont été définis. Nos objectifs nutritionnels, fixés dans l’axe santé, ont été remplis avec l’obtention de l’allégation « Source de protéines », grâce à la combinaison de deux ingrédients protéinés, le lait et les insectes entiers. Les principaux critères de satisfaction choisis sont le goût et la texture. Le premier a fait l’objet d’essais de formulations avec 2 espèces d’insectes. C’est le Tenebrio molitor (L. 1758) qui a été retenu. Différentes proportions d’iota-carraghénane et d’amidon de tapioca ont été testées afin d’obtenir la texture désirée. Les insectes étant composés de chitine, une molécule insoluble, de multiples tentatives de broyage ont visés à réduire la taille des particules solides en suspensions dans le produit en dessous de 25 μm pour limiter leur perception. L’axe service est focalisé sur l’anti gaspillage alimentaire, la réduction des déchets plastiques et la facilité d’utilisation afin de répondre aux attentes des institutions. Ce dessert sera conditionné en quantité de collectivité (5 l) et sera servi à l’aide d’une pompe doseuse. Pour l’axe société, le produit développé porte la dénomination : « crème-dessert à base d’insectes ». Le règlement (UE) 2015/2283 du Parlement Européen classe ce produit comme un aliment « Novel Food ».

Insectes, personnes âgées, crème-dessert, Tenebrio molitor --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences des denrées alimentaires

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Rabbit breeding, although being a small sector of animal husbandry, is widespread in many areas of the world, as the rabbit is intended both for food (meat) and not food (fur) purposes. The rabbit production chain has to face various problems, mainly concerning animal health and product quality. To overcome these issues, studies using a multidisciplinary approach addressing aspects of the rabbit nutrition and feeding, with a direct impact on the rabbit farming, welfare, health, and meat quality are particularly appreciated and requested by the scientific community. This book is composed of four original papers and one review focused on different nutritional approaches. In particular a phyto-additive (thyme essential oil) and a rabbit-derived bacteriocin-producing strain (Enterococcus faecium CCM7420) with probiotic properties were investigated as new feed additives, while two types of insect fats were studied, in order to understand their effects as dietary replacements for soybean oil and their in vitro antimicrobial activities as alternative raw materials. Results collected in this book will be of particular interest for farmers and animal nutritionists working in the rabbit breeding sector

digestibility --- enzyme activity --- gut histology --- milk replacer --- rabbit --- Enterococcus faecium --- enterocin --- microbiota --- intestinal morphology --- phagocytic activity --- serum biochemistry --- meat quality --- weight gain --- thymol --- bioavailability --- antioxidant --- insect fat --- Hermetia illucens --- Tenebrio molitor --- gut microbiota --- antimicrobial effect --- rabbit feeding --- insoluble fibre --- soluble fibre --- feed efficiency --- whole body and carcass chemical composition --- energy nitrogen and mineral balance --- fibre digestibility --- mucosa morphology --- energy nitrogen and mineral retention efficiency

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Although many insects successfully live in dangerous environments exposed to diverse communities of microbes, they are often exploited and killed by specialist pathogens. In the process of the co-evolution of insects and entomopathogenic microorganisms, they develop various adaptive systems that determine the sustainable existence of dynamic host–parasite interactions at both the organismic and population levels.

field production --- sustainable management --- pest control --- soil properties --- microbial community --- biological activity --- soil DNA analyses --- α-cypermethrin --- insects --- mycoses --- spontaneous bacterioses --- fungal–bacteria interactions --- Cordyceps militaris --- antimicrobial peptides --- Woronin body --- conidiation --- stress response --- appressorium formation --- virulence --- Metarhizium robertsii --- mycotoxins --- entomopathogen --- arthropods --- CYP450 --- gut-histology --- non-toxicity --- nematophagous fungi --- cross-kingdom interactions --- food-web cycling --- phytophagous nematodes --- soilborne fungal pathogens --- entomopathogenic fungi --- resistant triatomines --- biological control --- bassianolide --- beauvericin --- limpet --- dual gene expression --- genomics --- host defense --- immunity --- next generation sequencing --- transcriptome --- two-spotted field crickets --- immune defense --- immunocompetence --- pathogens --- sex --- Tenebrio molitor --- Buxus --- invasive pests --- alkaloids --- antimicrobial activity --- Geometridae --- Hypocreales --- mortality --- moth --- larva --- pupa --- Chilo suppressalis --- isolation --- identification --- pathogenicity --- n/a --- fungal-bacteria interactions

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Natural products are increasingly attracting attention from both basic and applied science. Plant secondary metabolites, especially alkaloids, are receiving interest from a wide range of researchers due to their biological activity. They are produced to protect plants from diseases and herbivores. Therefore, they reveal a toxic activity that affects organisms at various levels of biological organization. A growing amount of research is proving their antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, and anticancer activities. That makes them applicable in various fields from medicine, to pharmacology, veterinary, and toxicology, to crop protection. This Special Issue of Toxins, “Biological Activities of Alkaloids: From Toxicology to Pharmacology"", collects 15 manuscripts describing the ecological, biological, pharmacological, and toxicological effects as well as structural and analytical aspects of plant alkaloids, their mode of action, and possible application in veterinary, medicine, and plant protection. These studies prove the potential for alkaloid application in various areas of science.

leukemia --- n/a --- biodistribution --- glycoalkaloids --- insect heart --- Solanum melongena L. --- antibacterial --- alkaloid --- ?-carboline --- Ovarian cancer --- Chelidonium majus --- secondary metabolites --- lindoldhamine --- livestock --- insect --- chanoclavine --- bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid --- cytotoxic activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- antioxidant --- acid-sensing ion channel subtype 1a --- malonylated form --- HPLC-DAD --- ergot alkaloids --- nociception --- macrophage --- Arecoline --- Macleaya cordata --- antifungal --- neuropathic pain --- Corydalis lutea --- antiviral --- Curine --- lung cancer cells --- lipopolysaccharide --- Epichloë --- Meconopsis cambrica --- Berberis thunbergii --- SRC --- Dicentra spectabilis --- apoptosis --- endophyte --- natural sources --- dehydrocrenatidine --- neutrophil --- EGFR --- anticancer --- solamargine --- berberine --- isoquinoline alkaloids --- natural products --- Radix Aconiti Lateralis preparations --- short-term and long-term usage --- inflammation --- acute toxicity --- Mahonia aquifolia --- Palmatine --- sanguinarine --- Rutidea parviflora --- voltage-gated sodium channels --- cytotoxicity --- toxicology --- malonyl-solamargine --- alkaloids --- acetylcholinesterase --- beetles --- Fumaria officinalis --- antimicrobial activity --- solasonine --- FAK --- plant secondary metabolites --- di-ester diterpenoid alkaloids --- mAchR3 --- subchronic feeding study --- mono-ester diterpenoid alkaloids --- Tenebrio molitor --- Apoptosis --- reproduction