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Civilisation --- Technology --- Social aspects --- United States --- Intellectual life --- Technology - Social aspects - United States --- United States - Intellectual life

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Annotation The Digital Divide refers to the perceived gap between those who have access to the latest information technologies and those who do not. If we are indeed in an Information Age, then not having access to this information is an economic and social handicap. Some people consider the Digital Divide to be a national crisis, while others consider it an over-hyped nonissue. This book presents data supporting the existence of such a divide in the 1990s along racial, economic, ethnic, and education lines. But it also presents evidence that by 2000 the gaps are rapidly closing without substantive public policy initiatives and spending. Together, the contributions serve as a sourcebook on this controversial issue.

Social change --- Computer. Automation --- Social problems --- United States --- #SBIB:309H103 --- Mediatechnologie / ICT / digitale media: sociale en culturele aspecten --- Digital divide --- Information technology --- Social aspects --- Digital divide - United States. --- Information technology - Social aspects - United States. --- United States of America

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We are now acutely aware, as if all of the sudden, that data matters enormously to how we live. How did information come to be so integral to what we can do? How did we become people who effortlessly present our lives in social media profiles and who are meticulously recorded in state surveillance dossiers and online marketing databases? What is the story behind data coming to matter so much to who we are? In How We Became Our Data, Colin Koopman excavates early moments of our rapidly accelerating data-tracking technologies and their consequences for how we think of and express our selfhood today. Koopman explores the emergence of mass-scale record keeping systems like birth certificates and social security numbers, as well as new data techniques for categorizing personality traits, measuring intelligence, and even racializing subjects. This all culminates in what Koopman calls the "informational person" and the "informational power" we are now subject to. The recent explosion of digital technologies that are turning us into a series of algorithmic data points is shown to have a deeper and more turbulent past than we commonly think. Blending philosophy, history, political theory, and media theory in conversation with thinkers like Michel Foucault, Jürgen Habermas, and Friedrich Kittler, Koopman presents an illuminating perspective on how we have come to think of our personhood-and how we can resist its erosion.

Information science --- Information society --- Information technology --- Social aspects --- Psychological aspects --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Philosophical anthropology --- General ethics --- Mass communications --- Information systems --- Information science - Social aspects - United States --- Information society - United States - Psychological aspects --- Information technology - Social aspects - United States --- Psychological aspects. --- Algorithms. --- Critical Theory. --- Data. --- Formats. --- Genealogy. --- Infopower. --- Information Politics. --- Information. --- Informational Persons. --- Subjectivity.

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As use of information technology increases, we worry that our personal information is being shared inappropriately, violating key social norms and irreversibly eroding privacy. This book describes how societies ought to go about deciding when to allow technology to lead change and when to resist it in the name of privacy.

Human rights --- Computer. Automation --- Privacy, Right of --- Information technology --- Information policy --- Social norms --- Social aspects --- Social norms. --- Droit à la vie privée --- Technologie de l'information --- Information --- Normes sociales --- Aspect social --- Politique gouvernementale --- Droit à la vie privée --- Folkways --- Norms, Social --- Rules, Social --- Social rules --- Manners and customs --- Social control --- Privacy, Right of - United States --- Information technology - Social aspects - United States --- Information policy - United States

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"Cutting through tech-industry hype, this book explores how emerging technologies reinforce white supremacy. Conceptualizing the "New Jim Code," Benjamin shows how discriminatory designs can encode inequity and also makes a case for race itself as a kind of tool designed to stratify and sanctify social injustice"-- "From everyday apps to complex algorithms, Ruha Benjamin cuts through tech-industry hype to understand how emerging technologies can reinforce white supremacy and deepen social inequity. Far from a sinister story of racist programmers scheming on the dark web, Benjamin argues that automation has the potential to hide, speed, and even deepen discrimination, while appearing neutral and even benevolent when compared to racism of a previous era. Presenting the concept of the “New Jim Code,” she shows how a range of discriminatory designs encode inequity: by explicitly amplifying racial hierarchies, by ignoring but thereby replicating social divisions, or by aiming to fix racial bias but ultimately doing quite the opposite. Moreover, she makes a compelling case for race itself as a kind of tool – a technology designed to stratify and sanctify social injustice that is part of the architecture of everyday life. This illuminating guide into the world of biased bots, altruistic algorithms, and their many entanglements provides conceptual tools to decode tech promises with sociologically informed skepticism. In doing so, it challenges us to question not only the technologies we are sold, but also the ones we manufacture ourselves"--

Social problems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Digital divide --- Information technology --- African Americans --- Whites --- United States --- Social aspects --- Social conditions --- Race relations --- Sociology of minorities --- racial discrimination --- algorithms --- algoritmen --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Demography. --- Digital divide - United States - 21st century --- Information technology - Social aspects - United States - 21st century --- African Americans - Social conditions - 21st century --- Whites - United States - Social conditions - 21st century --- United States - Race relations - 21st century