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A Brookings Institution Press and British-North American Committee publication Two hundred years ago, the first Industrial Revolution sparked a dramatic acceleration in the quantity of goods and services available to the average citizen--a trend of steadily increasing real income per capita that continues to this day. Since that time, economists have struggled to develop systematic explanations for what caused the sudden, rapid increase, why the economy keeps growing, and why the rate of growth varies in different time periods and nations. In this book, F. M. Scherer traces the evolution of economic growth theory from the Industrial Revolution to the present. Emphasizing technological change as the most crucial dynamic force for growth, Scherer analyzes early hypotheses that paid little attention to new technologies, follows the emergence of theories that increasingly emphasized technological change, and reviews the current state of economic growth theory. Pointing out a lack of solid microbehavioral foundations to support contemporary "new growth" ideas, Scherer then supplies some foundational "bricks" concerning financial investment and human capital, and concludes by exploring the prospects for sustaining rapid growth into the next century.

Economic growth --- Economic production --- Economic development --- Technological innovations --- History --- Economic aspects --- History. --- Economic development - History --- Technological innovations - Economic aspects - History

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Industrial organization --- Technological innovations --- Industrie --- Innovations --- History --- Economic aspects --- Organisation, contrôle, etc --- Histoire --- Aspect économique --- Organisation, contrôle, etc --- Aspect économique --- Technological innovations - Economic aspects - History. --- Industrial organization - History. --- NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES --- INNOVATIONS --- HISTOIRE ECONOMIQUE --- ECONOMIE INDUSTRIELLE

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Why are some nations more technically creative than others and why do some highly innovative societies eventually stagnate? In this provocative study of the value and meaning of technological advance, Joel Mokyr considers how past physical and social conditions have influenced the development and reception of new ideas, and shows how these trends can guide future industrial strategies at a time when more countries than ever before are competing for the rewards of technical ingenuity.

World history --- Economic development --- Technological innovations --- Développement économique --- Innovations --- History --- Economic aspects --- Histoire --- Aspect économique --- History. --- -Technological innovations --- -Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- -History --- developpement economique --- histoire economique --- technologie --- economische ontwikkeling --- economische geschiedenis --- Développement économique --- Aspect économique --- Economic development -- History. --- Economic development. --- Technological innovations -- Economic aspects -- History. --- Technological innovations -- Economic aspects. --- Technological innovations. --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Economic aspects&delete& --- Technological innovations - Economic aspects - History --- Economic development - History --- Créativité en technologie --- Technique --- Industrie --- Innovation --- Histoire économique. --- Histoire. --- Créativité en technologie --- Histoire économique.

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This was the first cross-over book into the history of science written by an historian of economics. It shows how 'history of technology' can be integrated with the history of economic ideas. The analysis combines Cold War history with the history of postwar economics in America and later elsewhere, revealing that the Pax Americana had much to do with abstruse and formal doctrines such as linear programming and game theory. It links the literature on 'cyborg' to economics, an element missing in literature to date. The treatment further calls into question the idea that economics has been immune to postmodern currents, arguing that neoclassical economics has participated in the deconstruction of the integral 'self'. Finally, it argues for an alliance of computational and institutional themes, and challenges the widespread impression that there is nothing else besides American neoclassical economic theory left standing after the demise of Marxism.

Methodology of economics --- Economic theory --- Economics --- Economie (Science) --- Economie (Wetenschap) --- Economische wetenschap --- Political economy --- Politieke economie --- Sciences économiques --- Cybernetics --- Economic history --- Technological innovations --- Computer science --- Economic aspects --- History --- Economics. --- History. --- 1945 --- -Computer science --- 20th century --- Business, Economy and Management --- Cybernetics - Economic aspects - History --- Economic history - 1945 --- -Technological innovations - Economic aspects - History - 20th century --- Computer science - History --- Informatics --- Science --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Mechanical brains --- Control theory --- Electronics --- System theory --- Social sciences --- Economic man

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The growth of technological and scientific knowledge in the past two centuries has been the overriding dynamic element in the economic and social history of the world. Its result is now often called the knowledge economy. But what are the historical origins of this revolution and what have been its mechanisms? In The Gifts of Athena, Joel Mokyr constructs an original framework to analyze the concept of "useful" knowledge. He argues that the growth explosion in the modern West in the past two centuries was driven not just by the appearance of new technological ideas but also by the improved access to these ideas in society at large--as made possible by social networks comprising universities, publishers, professional sciences, and kindred institutions. Through a wealth of historical evidence set in clear and lively prose, he shows that changes in the intellectual and social environment and the institutional background in which knowledge was generated and disseminated brought about the Industrial Revolution, followed by sustained economic growth and continuing technological change. Mokyr draws a link between intellectual forces such as the European enlightenment and subsequent economic changes of the nineteenth century, and follows their development into the twentieth century. He further explores some of the key implications of the knowledge revolution. Among these is the rise and fall of the "factory system" as an organizing principle of modern economic organization. He analyzes the impact of this revolution on information technology and communications as well as on the public's state of health and the structure of households. By examining the social and political roots of resistance to new knowledge, Mokyr also links growth in knowledge to political economy and connects the economic history of technology to the New Institutional Economics. The Gifts of Athena provides crucial insights into a matter of fundamental concern to a range of disciplines including economics, economic history, political economy, the history of technology, and the history of science.

Economic development --- Technological innovations --- History. --- Economic aspects --- Knowledge economy. --- Economy of knowledge --- Information economy --- KBE (Knowledge-based economy) --- Knowledge-based economy --- Economics --- Economic aspects&delete& --- History --- E-books --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- 338 <09> --- Economische geschiedenis --- Knowledge economy --- 338.064 --- 331.100 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Intellectual life --- Innovations --- Développement économique --- Vie intellectuelle --- Aspect économique --- Histoire --- World history --- TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS -- 930.33 --- TECHNOLOGY -- 930.33 --- KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY -- 930.33 --- Technological innovations - Economic aspects - History --- Economic development - History