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Carbon dioxide utilisation is a growing field of research that spans early stage laboratory chemistry through to commercial exploitation. In 2013 the CO2Chem Network (www.co2chem.com) made a successful bid to hold the 14th edition of this major conference. This was the first time it was held in the United Kingdom and attracted over 270 delegates from 32 different countries. It was a condition of presentation that all the work submitted was new and novel. We invited submissions of new work for this Research Topic and manuscripts were subjected to deep peer review. We are pleased that these papers are now being collated into an eBook. We value the range and quality of the papers submitted. These range from novel capture, integration and process through to policy, public perception and economic evaluation. CO2Chem was proud to be chosen to organise this prestigious conference. CO2Chem was founded in 2010 as one of the Engineering and Physical Sciences (EPSRC) Grand Challenge Networks. It is now in its eighth year of operation and its third round of direct funding. It continues to be a forum for discussion and collaboration nationally and globally. We have for a long time associated ourselves with ICCDU and will continue to do so in the future. We hope that the papers presented here serve as a catalyst to further research in CDU and to engagement with ICCDU.

Plasma --- Techno-economic analysis --- CCU --- Energy --- CDU --- fuel --- Carbon dioxide utilisation --- public acceptance --- Catalysis --- Capture

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Climate change is one of the main threats to modern society. This phenomenon is associated with an increase in greenhouse gas (GHGs, mainly carbon dioxide—CO2) emissions due to anthropogenic activities. The main causes are the burning of fossil fuels and land use change (deforestation). Climate change impacts are associated with risks to basic needs (health, food security, and clean water), as well as risks to development (jobs, economic growth, and the cost of living). The processes involving CO2 capture and storage are gaining attention in the scientific community as an alternative for decreasing CO2 emissions, reducing its concentration in ambient air. The carbon capture and storage (CCS) methodologies comprise three steps: CO2 capture, CO2 transportation, and CO2 storage. Despite the high research activity within this topic, several technological, economic, and environmental issues as well as safety problems remain to be solved, such as the following needs: increase of CO2 capture efficiency, reduction of process costs, and verification of the environmental sustainability of CO2 storage.

normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- techno-economic analysis --- the Loess Plateau --- power-to-methane --- GHG mitigation --- CO2 capture and utilization --- cement production with CO2 capture --- oxyfuel --- knowledge mapping --- technological evolution --- CO2 capture --- CO2 capture in industry --- IGCC --- InVEST --- electricity production --- life cycle assessment --- carbon storage --- carbon capture and storage --- CO2 capture retrofitability --- TBAB --- supercritical CO2 --- hydrate --- membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction --- micromorphology --- synthetic natural gas --- stability map --- carbon capture and storage (CCS) --- renewable power --- carbon density --- fossil fuels --- chilled ammonia --- CCS --- cement --- MEA-based absorption --- carbon capture --- energy dependence --- calcium looping --- CO2 separation --- CO2 pipeline --- flow instability --- CiteSpace --- anti-agglomerant

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An economic development model analyzes the adoption of alternative strategy capable of leveraging the economy, based essentially on RES. The combination of wind turbine, PV installation with new technology battery energy storage, DSM network and RES forecasting algorithms maximizes RES integration in isolated islands. An innovative model of power system (PS) imbalances is presented, which aims to capture various features of the stochastic behavior of imbalances and to reduce in average reserve requirements and PS risk. Deep learning techniques for medium-term wind speed and solar irradiance forecasting are presented, using for first time a specific cloud index. Scalability-replicability of the FLEXITRANSTORE technology innovations integrates hardware-software solutions in all areas of the transmission system and the wholesale markets, promoting increased RES. A deep learning and GIS approach are combined for the optimal positioning of wave energy converters. An innovative methodology to hybridize battery-based energy storage using supercapacitors for smoother power profile, a new control scheme and battery degradation mechanism and their economic viability are presented. An innovative module-level photovoltaic (PV) architecture in parallel configuration is introduced maximizing power extraction under partial shading. A new method for detecting demagnetization faults in axial flux permanent magnet synchronous wind generators is presented. The stochastic operating temperature (OT) optimization integrated with Markov Chain simulation ascertains a more accurate OT for guiding the coal gasification practice.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- entrained flow coal gasification --- ash melting point --- operation temperature --- Markov process --- stochastic optimization model --- genetic algorithm --- gallium nitride --- magnetic-free converters --- module-level converters --- parallel architecture --- partial shading --- photovoltaic systems --- switched capacitor converters --- hybrid energy storage system --- supercapacitor --- lead–acid battery --- energy management system --- battery degradation --- depth of discharge --- techno-economic analysis --- hybrid power station --- green island --- energy storage --- remote community --- reserves --- k-means --- probabilistic dimensioning --- dynamic dimensioning --- balancing --- wave energy converters --- deep neural networks --- renewable energy sources --- spatial planning --- sentinel satellite imagery --- permanent magnet synchronous machines --- generators --- fault detection --- demagnetization --- artificial intelligence --- data mining --- machine learning --- advanced deep learning --- windspeed forecasting --- solar irradiation forecasting --- increased RES penetration --- smart grid --- scalability --- replicability --- FLEXITRANSTORE --- Angolan economy --- diversification --- strategic alternative --- biofuels

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Environmental problems are forcing a rethinking of the world’s energy supply system. In parallel, there is an increasing amount of global solid waste production. A fundamental shift toward greater reliance on biomass wastes in the world’s energy system is plausible because of ongoing major technological advances that hold the promise of making the conversion of biomass into high-quality energy carriers, like electricity and gaseous or liquid fuels, economically competitive with fossil fuels. Therefore, waste-to-energy systems have become a paramount topic for both industry and researchers due to interest in energy production from waste and improved chemical and thermal efficiencies with more cost-effective designs. This biomass shift is also important for industries to become more efficient by using their own wastes to produce their own energy in the light of the circular economy concept. This book on “Biomass Wastes for Energy Production” brings novel advances on waste-to-energy technologies, life cycle assessment, and computational models, and contributes to promoting rethinking of the world’s energy supply systems.

torrefaction --- biorenewable energy --- biowaste --- biocoal --- alternative fuel --- waste management --- manure --- thermal valorization --- thermogravimetric analysis --- differential scanning calorimetry --- autothermal gasification --- downdraft reactor --- thermodynamics --- chemical equilibrium --- carbon boundary point --- dairy wastewater --- biogas --- anaerobic digestion --- anaerobic horizontal flow reactor --- microwave radiation --- ultrasound --- biomass residues --- forestry --- thermal treatment --- biomass valorization --- torrefied material properties --- biomass gasification --- demonstration-scale plant --- syngas --- circular economy --- wastewater management --- activated carbon adsorption --- steam boilers --- co-firing --- biomass --- characteristics --- boiler efficiency --- GHG emissions --- decision parameters --- result parameters --- structural parameters --- peach pruning residues --- electricity production --- life cycle assessment --- LCA --- biomass-to-energy --- biomass waste --- competing uses --- biomass applications --- bio-based economy --- biomass value pyramid --- co-occurrence analysis --- internal combustion engines-generator --- small-scale systems --- energy efficiency --- techno-economic analysis --- Monte Carlo method --- organic waste --- energy recovery --- cost analysis

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.

anaerobic digestion --- solid digestate --- milling process --- sugars recovery --- energy balances --- bioethanol production --- biogas upgrading --- biomethane --- bio-succinic acid --- CO2 utilization --- feasibility assessment --- acetate --- lactate --- inoculum --- food waste --- sewage sludge --- lactic acid bacteria --- cattle manure --- steam explosion --- pre-treatment --- UASB --- co-digestion --- biogas --- high-rate anaerobic digestion --- energy recovery --- granular sludge --- renewable energy --- decentralized wastewater treatment --- two-stage anaerobic digestion --- Anammox --- enzyme application --- rheology of digestate --- methane --- aquaculture --- trout --- sludge --- wastewater --- drum sieve --- microfiltration --- settling --- waste-to-energy --- wet waste --- bioenergy --- techno-economic analysis --- ammonia inhibition --- chicken manure --- dairy cow manure --- high-solids anaerobic digestion --- inoculum adaptation --- volatile fatty acids --- dry batch anaerobic digestion --- percolation --- permeability --- Salmonella spp. --- Escherichia coli O157 --- Listeria monocytogenes --- Enterococcus faecalis --- Clostridium spp. --- digestate --- pathogens --- sustainable farming --- anaerobic digester --- antibiotics removal --- antimicrobial --- chlortetracycline --- Tylosin --- n/a