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The Australian vegetation is the end result of a remarkable history of climate change, latitudinal change, continental isolation, soil evolution, interaction with an evolving fauna, fire and most recently human impact. This book presents a detailed synopsis of the critical events that led to the evolution of the unique Australian flora and the wide variety of vegetational types contained within it. The first part of the book details the past continental relationships of Australia, its palaeoclimate, fauna and the evolution of its landforms since the rise to dominance of the angiosperms at the beginning of the Cretaceous period. A detailed summary of the palaeobotanical record is then presented. The palynological record gives an overview of the vegetation and the distribution of important taxa within it, while the complementary macrofossil record is used to trace the evolution of critical taxa.

This book will interest graduate students and researchers interested in the evolution of the flora of this fascinating continent.

Paleobotany --- Plants --- Evolution. --- Plant evolution --- Evolution (Biology) --- Fossil botany --- Palaeobotany --- Botany --- Paleontology --- Phylogeny --- interaction with an evolving fauna --- macrofossil record of australia --- australian vegetation --- robert hill --- evolution of critical taxa --- climate change --- palaeobotanical record of australia --- continental isolation --- evolution of australian flora --- latitudinal change --- palynological record of australia --- soil evolution --- Eocene --- Nothofagus --- Pollen --- Taxon

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The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Plant Cytoplasmic Organelles, including new advances in the sequencing of both mitochondria and chloroplasts’ genomes using Next-Generation Sequencing technology in plant species and algae including important crop and tree species, in vitro culture protocol, and identification of a core module of genes involved in plastid development. In particular, the published studies focus on the description of adaptive evolution, elucidate mitochondrial mRNA processing, highlight the effect of domestication process on plastome variability and report the development of molecular markers. A meta-analysis of recently published genome-wide expression studies allowed the identification of novel nuclear genes, involved in the complex and still unrevealed mechanisms at the basis of communication between chloroplast and nucleus (retrograde signalling) during plastid development (biogenic control). Finally, an optimized regeneration protocol useful in plastid transformation of recalcitrant species, such as sugarcane, has been reported.

Research & information: general --- mitochondrial genome --- buckwheat --- plastid genome --- genetic diversity --- long reads --- targeted assembly --- genome assembly --- Fagus --- Fagaceae --- Fagales --- molecular marker --- mitochondrial marker --- taxon assignment --- CAPS marker --- SNP --- next-generation sequencing --- Solanum --- Italian landraces --- plastome --- molecular markers --- phylogenetic analysis --- plastid transformation --- sugarcane --- unfurled leaves --- streptomycin --- heteroplasmy --- mesophyll and bundle sheath cells --- plastids --- photomorphogenesis --- retrograde control --- biogenic signals --- lincomycin --- norflurazon --- pap7-1 mutant --- mitochondria --- RNA processing --- algal evolution --- circular RNA --- polycytidylation --- PacBio Iso-Seq --- Capparaceae --- chloroplast genome --- Cadaba --- Maerua --- phylogenetic relationships --- mitochondrial genome --- buckwheat --- plastid genome --- genetic diversity --- long reads --- targeted assembly --- genome assembly --- Fagus --- Fagaceae --- Fagales --- molecular marker --- mitochondrial marker --- taxon assignment --- CAPS marker --- SNP --- next-generation sequencing --- Solanum --- Italian landraces --- plastome --- molecular markers --- phylogenetic analysis --- plastid transformation --- sugarcane --- unfurled leaves --- streptomycin --- heteroplasmy --- mesophyll and bundle sheath cells --- plastids --- photomorphogenesis --- retrograde control --- biogenic signals --- lincomycin --- norflurazon --- pap7-1 mutant --- mitochondria --- RNA processing --- algal evolution --- circular RNA --- polycytidylation --- PacBio Iso-Seq --- Capparaceae --- chloroplast genome --- Cadaba --- Maerua --- phylogenetic relationships

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The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Plant Cytoplasmic Organelles, including new advances in the sequencing of both mitochondria and chloroplasts’ genomes using Next-Generation Sequencing technology in plant species and algae including important crop and tree species, in vitro culture protocol, and identification of a core module of genes involved in plastid development. In particular, the published studies focus on the description of adaptive evolution, elucidate mitochondrial mRNA processing, highlight the effect of domestication process on plastome variability and report the development of molecular markers. A meta-analysis of recently published genome-wide expression studies allowed the identification of novel nuclear genes, involved in the complex and still unrevealed mechanisms at the basis of communication between chloroplast and nucleus (retrograde signalling) during plastid development (biogenic control). Finally, an optimized regeneration protocol useful in plastid transformation of recalcitrant species, such as sugarcane, has been reported.

mitochondrial genome --- buckwheat --- plastid genome --- genetic diversity --- long reads --- targeted assembly --- genome assembly --- Fagus --- Fagaceae --- Fagales --- molecular marker --- mitochondrial marker --- taxon assignment --- CAPS marker --- SNP --- next-generation sequencing --- Solanum --- Italian landraces --- plastome --- molecular markers --- phylogenetic analysis --- plastid transformation --- sugarcane --- unfurled leaves --- streptomycin --- heteroplasmy --- mesophyll and bundle sheath cells --- plastids --- photomorphogenesis --- retrograde control --- biogenic signals --- lincomycin --- norflurazon --- pap7-1 mutant --- mitochondria --- RNA processing --- algal evolution --- circular RNA --- polycytidylation --- PacBio Iso-Seq --- Capparaceae --- chloroplast genome --- Cadaba --- Maerua --- phylogenetic relationships

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This Special Issue brings together some interconnected topics related to fungi and plants such as biodiversity, taxonomy, conservation, molecular phylogeny, ecology, and plant–fungal interactions. Additionally, some applied aspects are covered, such as phytoremediation, the improvement of spinach growth by biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bio-friendly solutions for waste reduction, the accumulation of rare-earth elements by wild edible mushrooms, etc.

1 new taxon --- Agaricomycetes --- Basidiomycota --- biodiversity --- climate change --- Inocybaceae --- taxonomy --- spinach --- biochar --- AMF --- plant growth --- root morphological traits --- chlorophyll content --- soil enzymes and microbial biomass --- boletes --- morphology --- phylogeny --- new taxa --- DNA metabarcoding --- phylogenetic structure --- habitat filtering --- molecular phylogeny --- fungal ecology --- multi-gene phylogeny --- plant pathogen --- soil-borne fungi --- tree disease --- ascomycetous yeast --- distribution --- new species --- Wickerhamomyces --- mushrooms --- trace elements --- rare earth elements --- urban soils --- forest --- Boletales --- bolete diversity --- biogeography --- mycorrhizal fungi --- metal(loid)s pollution --- soil --- plants --- waste --- recyclable substrates --- oyster fungi --- antioxidants --- phenolic compounds --- n/a

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new botanic taxa --- floristic records --- typification of taxon names --- Botany --- Plants --- Plants. --- Botany. --- Gerbariĭ im. P.N. Krylova --- Russia (Federation) --- Plant kingdom --- Plantae --- Vascular plants --- Vegetable kingdom --- Vegetation --- Wildlife --- Organisms --- Flora --- Botanical science --- Floristic botany --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Гербарий им. П.Н. Крылова --- Gerbariĭ imeni P.N. Krylova --- Гербарий имeни П.Н. Крылова --- P.N. Krylov Herbarium --- P.N. Krylov Herbarium of Tomsk State University --- Universitatis Herbarium Krylovianum Tomskensis --- Herbario Kryloviano Universitatis Tomskensis nomine Kuibyschevi --- Gerbarii︠a︡ im. P.N. Krylova pri Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. V.V. Kuĭbysheva --- Tomskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet imeni V.V. Kuĭbysheva. --- Tomskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet. --- Nat︠s︡ionalʹnyĭ issledovatelʹskiĭ Tomskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet. --- Tomskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet imeni V.V. Kuĭbysheva --- Tomskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet --- Nat︠s︡ionalʹnyĭ issledovatelʹskiĭ Tomskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet --- Siberia