Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Russian tariff structure contains over 11,000 tariff lines of which about 1,700 use the so-called "combined" tariff rate system. For the combined system tariff lines, the actual tariff applied by Russian customs is the maximum of the ad valorem or specific tariff. The lack of available data and the difficulty in calculating the ad valorem equivalence of the specific tariffs have resulted in some previous efforts that have simply ignored the specific tariffs. This is the first paper to accurately assess the tariff rates. The authors show that ignoring the specific tariffs results in an underestimate of the actual tariff rates by about 1 to 3 percentage points, depending on the year. The average tariff in Russia has increased between 2001 and 2003 from about 11.5 to between 13 and 14.5 percent, but it has held steady in 2004 and 2005. This places Russia's tariffs at a level slightly higher than other middle-income countries and considerably higher than the OECD countries. The trade weighted standard deviation of the tariff approximately doubled from 9.5 percent in 2001 to 18 percent in 2003, but then fell to 15.2 percent by 2005. The food sector and light industry are the aggregate sectors with the highest tariff rates-their tariff rates in 2005 were 23.1 percent and 19.5 percent on a trade-weighted basis, but the increase in their tariffs has not led to an increase in their output.

Customs union --- Debt Markets --- Export Competitiveness --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Free Trade --- Free trade zone --- Import volume --- International Economics & Trade --- International trade --- International Trade and Trade Rules --- Political Economy --- Public Sector Development --- Tariff policy --- Tariff revenues --- Tariff structure --- Trade agreements --- Trade Policy --- Trade policy

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue presents the latest state-of-the-art research on solid fuels technology with dedicated, focused research papers. There are a variety of topics to choose from among the seven published re-search works to bring you up to date with the current trends in academia and industry.

History of engineering & technology --- peak shaving --- battery storage --- peak demand pricing --- lithium-ion --- tariff structure --- receiving-end system --- multi-infeed HVDCs --- security assessment --- emergency control strategy --- electromagnetic transient (EMT)-transient stability (TS) hybrid simulation --- impedance determination --- lossy compression algorithms --- singular value decomposition --- wavelet transformation --- voltage control --- deep deterministic policy gradient --- deep reinforcement learning --- model uncertainties --- energy communities --- machine learning --- forecasting --- abnormal data --- wind power --- outliers --- electricity consumption representative profiles --- self-consumption --- peak shaving --- battery storage --- peak demand pricing --- lithium-ion --- tariff structure --- receiving-end system --- multi-infeed HVDCs --- security assessment --- emergency control strategy --- electromagnetic transient (EMT)-transient stability (TS) hybrid simulation --- impedance determination --- lossy compression algorithms --- singular value decomposition --- wavelet transformation --- voltage control --- deep deterministic policy gradient --- deep reinforcement learning --- model uncertainties --- energy communities --- machine learning --- forecasting --- abnormal data --- wind power --- outliers --- electricity consumption representative profiles --- self-consumption

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue presents the latest state-of-the-art research on solid fuels technology with dedicated, focused research papers. There are a variety of topics to choose from among the seven published re-search works to bring you up to date with the current trends in academia and industry.

History of engineering & technology --- peak shaving --- battery storage --- peak demand pricing --- lithium-ion --- tariff structure --- receiving-end system --- multi-infeed HVDCs --- security assessment --- emergency control strategy --- electromagnetic transient (EMT)-transient stability (TS) hybrid simulation --- impedance determination --- lossy compression algorithms --- singular value decomposition --- wavelet transformation --- voltage control --- deep deterministic policy gradient --- deep reinforcement learning --- model uncertainties --- energy communities --- machine learning --- forecasting --- abnormal data --- wind power --- outliers --- electricity consumption representative profiles --- self-consumption

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue presents the latest state-of-the-art research on solid fuels technology with dedicated, focused research papers. There are a variety of topics to choose from among the seven published re-search works to bring you up to date with the current trends in academia and industry.

peak shaving --- battery storage --- peak demand pricing --- lithium-ion --- tariff structure --- receiving-end system --- multi-infeed HVDCs --- security assessment --- emergency control strategy --- electromagnetic transient (EMT)-transient stability (TS) hybrid simulation --- impedance determination --- lossy compression algorithms --- singular value decomposition --- wavelet transformation --- voltage control --- deep deterministic policy gradient --- deep reinforcement learning --- model uncertainties --- energy communities --- machine learning --- forecasting --- abnormal data --- wind power --- outliers --- electricity consumption representative profiles --- self-consumption