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This paper takes stock of the growing success of preferential trade agreements. It revisits what are the defining characteristics of modern preferential trade agreements, which are typically pursued for a diverse array of motives. In particular, the market access justification traditionally used to analyze the desirability and impact of preferential trade agreements misses increasingly important dimensions. The "Beyond Market Access" agenda of preferential trade agreements presents a new and broad set of deep regulatory and policy issues that differs in substance from the removal of tariff and quantitative barriers to trade. Issues related to preferences and discrimination, as well as the nature and implementation of commitments acquire a different meaning in deep preferential trade agreements. This change of paradigm presents significant opportunities and challenges for reform-minded developing countries to use preferential trade agreements to their own advantage.

Developing countries --- Economic development --- Emerging Markets --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Free Trade --- International Economics and Trade --- Law and Development --- Market Access --- Preferential access --- Preferential market access --- Preferential Trade Agreements --- Preferential treatment --- Private Sector Development --- Regulatory policies --- Tariff rate --- Trade and Regional Integration --- Trade barriers --- Trade Law

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Emerging literature has demonstrated some unique characteristics of trade in differentiated products. This paper contributes to the literature by postulating that differentiated products may be subject to greater tariff evasion due to the difficulties associated with assessing their quality and price. Using product-level data on trade between Germany and 10 Eastern European countries during 1992-2003, the authors find empirical support for this hypothesis. They show that the trade gap, defined as the discrepancy between the value of exports reported by Germany and the value of imports from Germany reported by the importing country, is positively related to the level of tariff in 8 out of 10 countries. Further, the authors show that the responsiveness of the trade gap to the tariff level is greater for differentiated products than for homogeneous goods. A one-percentage-point increase in the tariff rate is associated with a 0.6 percent increase in the trade gap in the case of homogeneous products and a 2.1 percent increase in the case of differentiated products. Finally, the data indicate that greater tariff evasion observed for differentiated products tends to take place through misrepresentation of the import prices.

Access to Markets --- Agribusiness and Markets --- Commodities --- Customs --- Customs Clearance --- Customs Clearance Procedures --- Customs Declarations --- Customs Duties --- Customs Value --- Debt Markets --- Export Competitiveness --- Exports --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Free Trade --- Import Data --- Import Duties --- Import Prices --- Imports --- Industry --- International Economics & Trade --- International Trade and Trade Rules --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Markets and Market Access --- Public Sector Development --- Rural Development --- Tariff --- Tariff Rate --- Tariff Rates --- Tariffs --- Tax Revenue --- Trade --- Trade Data --- Trade Liberalization --- Trade Policy --- Water and Industry --- Water Resources --- World Trade

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The agri-market is one of the core sectors of the economy, responsible for producing goods and the fulfilment of nutritional needs. It includes agriculture, which produces food, and the food industry, which involves processing agricultural products. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the development of agri-markets on both local and international scales. International trade is an important factor affecting the availability of agri-food products. Consequently, it is also important to evaluate economic factors and their roles in the development of a region. This Special Issue aims to solicit original contributions from academics, practitioners and other stakeholders, providing theoretical and empirical analyses focusing on agricultural markets and rural development. The editor encourages submissions that present applications of statistical analysis, case studies, and novel methodologies from parametric and non-parametric related to the topic of the Special Issue. The scope of submission includes original research and review articles on the theme.

Development economics & emerging economies --- economy --- sustainable development --- wine routes --- Axarquía --- rural tourism --- economic sociology --- geographical indication --- European Union --- Mercosur --- market arena --- e-retail --- comparative approach --- import risks --- agricultural products --- agro-trade --- food import --- SAW --- TOPSIS --- geometric means --- financial autonomy --- TOPSIS method --- rural municipalities --- municipal firms --- business --- economic evaluation --- local self-government --- cassava price --- volatility --- Bayesian --- GARCH-X --- Thailand --- correlation --- detrended cross-correlation analysis --- meat prices --- time series --- agriculture --- fruit products --- tariff rate quota --- welfare --- trade policy --- TRQ administration --- palm oil price --- domestic shocks --- foreign shocks --- Malaysia --- SVAR model --- interest-free community investment fund --- rural women empowerment --- case study --- logit model --- endogenous stochastic frontier --- crop insurance --- viticulture --- spatial integration --- market --- cointegration --- milk --- dairy products --- Poland --- Czechia --- Common Market Organization --- wine --- third countries --- measure of promotion --- wineries --- Common Agricultural Policy --- Indigofera spp. cultivation --- indigo paste production --- economic contribution --- land suitability --- development strategy