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An important issue in multilateral trade negotiations is the approach taken to reduce tariffs. Francois, Martin, and Manole believe that there are important advantages in formula approaches and survey a range of options between the sharply top-down Swiss formula and proportional cuts in tariffs. Over the range the authors consider, they find that the economic efficiency impacts for the importer are not greatly influenced by the extent to which higher tariffs face bigger cuts. However, top-down approaches appear to be more effective in reducing tariff escalation, and provide greater market access gains to poor countries. This paper is a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group.

Agribusiness --- Agriculture --- Debt Markets --- Export Competitiveness --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Free Trade --- Import Volumes --- International Economics & Trade --- International Trade --- International Trade and Trade Rules --- Market Access --- Market Access Concessions --- Member Countries --- Multilateral Negotiations --- Multilateral Trade Negotiations --- Public Sector Development --- Regional Trade --- Set Of Tariffs --- Tariff --- Tariff Changes --- Tariff Negotiations --- Tariff Reduction --- Tariff Reductions --- Tariff Revenue --- Tariff Revenues --- Tariffs --- Trade Policy --- Trading Partners --- World Prices