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This paper evaluates the impact of the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) in Turkey, the largest cash transfer program for international refugees in the world. The paper provides prima facie evidence that the program quickly caused substantial changes in household size and composition, with a net movement of primarily school-age children from larger ineligible households to smaller eligible ones. A sharp decline in inequality is observed in the entire study population: the Gini index declined by four percentage points (or 15 percent) within six months of program rollout, and the poverty headcount at the

Cash Transfers --- Displaced Persons --- Gini Coefficient --- Human Assistance --- Inequality --- Migration --- Poverty --- Poverty Reduction --- Refugees --- Safety Nets --- Safety Nets and Transfers --- Services and Transfers to Poor --- Social Protections and Labor --- Targeted Social Assistance --- Vulnerable Population