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Bezeichnung. --- Tag. --- Time measurements. --- Geschichte 500-1500.

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The gripping story of an Azerbaijani journalist and writer who was condemned to death by an Iranian cleric for a blasphemous news article in 2006. Mohsen Kadivar debates the case with Muhammad Jawad Fazel.

Blasphemy (Islam) --- Apostasy --- Islam. --- Tağı, Rafiq,

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Law --- Blasphemy (Islam) --- Apostasy --- Islam --- Tağı, Rafiq,

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L'objectif de ce travail est d’explorer l’angle socio-anthropologique et urbanistique de la pratique artistique du tag et du graffiti illégal. Il s'agit véritablement de s'intéresser aux origines de la pratique, sans entrer dans l'explication des diverses formes de l'art urbain, plus communément regroupé sous le vocable street art.
L’étude vise la compréhension de la relation entre la pratique du graffiti et l’espace (le construit au sens large du terme, l'architecture et l'espace urbain). Il ne s'agit pas de l’analyse stylistique de ce courant artistique. Cela fait partie des compétences des historiens de l’art. Le but est de s'interroger sur la signification de l’acte de graffer, en tant que mode d'appropriation contemporain de l'espace urbain. Et ainsi approfondir la compréhension de ce phénomène et d'expliquer tant certains rouages de ces démarches que l'impact qu'elles ont sur le vécu et la perception de la ville d'aujourd'hui. S'intéresser aux motivations des artistes, à la communication et à l'expression de leur art sont évidemment des données essentielles de l'étude.

Tag --- Graffiti --- Anthropology --- Urbanism --- Public space --- Contemporary city --- Anthropologie --- Urbanisme --- Tag --- Graffiti --- Ville contemporaine --- Espace public --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Architecture --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Anthropologie

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Nowadays, zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a fish widely used as a model in many fields of research such as neurophysiology, genetics or embryonic development. This social species living in schools is also able to make simple associations, thus forming a comprehensive model to study behavior. In this context, learning experiments based on visual stimuli are common and the use of electronic technology of individual identification by RFID in this species and its effects on learning abilities and tag loss are not scientifically assessed, their consequences on behavior and variation factors are often overlooked. Moreover, visual preferences and variation factors are rarely taken into account in the studies’ methodology and results’ interpretation although they are subjected to contradictions in the litterature.
Therefore, in the light of the lack of consistency of preferences for visual stimuli and in the view of the lack of studies addressing the consequences of the injection of a tag, this study aims to evaluate those aspects in order to improve the creation of protocols based on visual stimuli as well as to assess the validity of the use of a Loligo tag. Thanks to a simple T-maze, we worked with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a biological model. In order to study visual preferences, we confronted pairs of colors or patterns in a T-maze. We also varied the group sizes in these experiments to measure the behavioral differences according to social context for preferences. For the evaluation of the consequences of the Loligo tag, fifty zebrafish were tagged and the rate of tag loss and mortality were measured during 100 days. Moreover, we also evaluated the impact of this tag on visual preferences and learning abilities. Results show that, although we can not confirm that its injection impacts learning abilities, its validity is questioned in zebrafish because it causes a significantly higher rate of tag loss compared to a lighter tag. Preferences for particular colors and patterns were also highlighted through this study, as well as preference differences linked to social context when zebrafish were tested by pairs or alone.

Zebrafish --- Tag --- RFID --- Préférences visuelles --- T-maze --- Banc de poisson --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Psychologie animale, éthologie & psychobiologie