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Linguistics --- 17.13 typological linguistics. --- Grammaire comparée et générale. --- Linguistic universals. --- Sprachliche Universalien. --- Taaltypologie. --- Taaluniversalia. --- Universaux (Linguistique). --- Universaux (linguistique). --- Universaux (linguistique)

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This book is intended to contribute to the clarification of the linguistic research area covered by the terms modal, evidential and epistemic. It sets out to demonstrate that on cross-linguistic grounds a hitherto overlooked epistemic meaning domain must be given due recognition in linguistic theory, on a par with domains such as time and number. The relevant domain is coherent, but at the same time complex in that it consists of two subdomains: one which comprises degree-of-certainty meanings, and one which comprises information-source meanings. The book offers three arguments for giving recognition to such a meaning domain. The first argument concerns the clustering of linguistic expressions with epistemic meaning into morphosyntactically delimited systems of elements. The second argument has to do with the variation pertaining to the coding of epistemic meanings, as highlighted in a semantic map of epistemic expressions. The third argument turns upon the scope properties of epistemic meanings and the morphosyntactic reflections of these properties. Finally, the book proposes a unified cognitive analysis of epistemic meaning in terms of which it attempts to account for the properties of the epistemic meaning domain as well as of individual epistemic meanings.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Psycholinguistics --- English language --- Grammar --- Linguistic universals. --- Modality. --- Semantics. --- 801.56 --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Taaltypologie. --- English language -- Modality. --- English language -- Semantics. --- Linguistic universals --- English --- Languages & Literatures --- English Language --- Modality --- Semantics --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Language and languages --- Universals (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Universals --- Semasiology --- English language Semantics --- Germanic languages --- Evidentiality. --- Language Typology.

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18.84 Turkish language and/or literature. --- Balkansprachen. --- Kaukasische Sprachen. --- Makedonisch. --- Sprachkontakt. --- Taalcontact. --- Taaltypologie. --- Turkish language --- Turkish language --- Turkish language --- Turkish language --- Turkish language --- Turks. --- Türkisch. --- Dialects --- Dialects --- Dialects --- Dialects. --- Dialects. --- Balkan Peninsula. --- Balkanhalbinsel. --- Balkansprachen. --- Caucasus. --- Kaukasische Sprachen. --- Kaukasus. --- Makedonien --- Makedonisch. --- North Macedonia. --- Türkisch.

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A mainstay of functional linguistics has been the claim that linguistic elements and patterns that are frequently used in discourse become conventionalized as grammar. This book addresses the two issues that are basic to this claim: first, the question of what types of elements are frequently used in discourse and second, the question of how frequency of use affects cognitive representations. Reporting on evidence from natural conversation, diachronic change, variability, child language acquisition and psycholinguistic experimentation the original articles in this book support two major principles. First, the content of people's interactions consists of a preponderance of subjective, evaluative statements, dominated by the use of pronouns, copulas and intransitive clauses. Second, the frequency with which certain items and strings of items are used has a profound influence on the way language is broken up into chunks in memory storage, the way such chunks are related to other stored material and the ease with which they are accessed to produce new utterances.

Grammar --- Frequence des mots --- Grammaire comparee et generale. --- Frequentie ( linguïstiek ). --- Taaltypologie. --- Vergelijkende en algemene grammatica. --- Frequency (Linguistics) --- Frequentie (Taalwetenschap) --- Fréquence (Linguistique) --- Grammaire comparée et générale --- Grammaire générale --- Grammaire générale et comparée --- Grammaire philosophique --- Grammaire universelle --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Spraakkunst [Vergelijkende en algemene ] --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Philology & Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Frequency of occurrence (Linguistics) --- Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Linguistics. --- Acqui 2006

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This volume consists of papers presented at the Conference on Language Universals and Second Language Acquisition, University of Southern California, February 1982. Published with the papers are the remarks of the originally assigned discussants. The collection represents an important cross-fertilization between research in grammatical theory and in second language acquisition. Topics dealt with in a number of the papers include word order, markedness, core grammar, accessability hierarchies, and simplified registers. The range of universals discussed embraces phonology, syntax, semantics, and

Language acquisition -- Congresses. --- Language and languages -- Study and teaching -- Congresses. --- Linguistic universals -- Congresses. --- Tipología (Lingüística) --- Funcionalismo (Lingüística) --- Syntaxe. --- Syntaxis. --- Taaltypologie. --- Functionele taalkunde. --- Sprachtypologie. --- Funktionale Syntax. --- Funktionalismus (Linguistik) --- Grammar, Comparative and general -- Syntax --- Functionalism (Lingustics) --- Usan language --- -801.56 --- Wanuma language --- Papuan languages --- Tipología (Lingüística). --- Funcionalismo (Lingüística). --- Typologie (Linguistique). --- Fonctionnalisme (Linguistique). --- Funktionalismus (Linguistik). --- Fonctionalisme (Linguistique) --- Functionalisme (Taalwetenschap) --- Typologie (Taalwetenschap) --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Grammar --- 801.56 --- Linguistic universals --- Language acquisition --- Language and languages --- Universals (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Study and teaching --- Universals --- Didactics of languages --- Oceanic languages --- Papua New Guinea --- Functionalism (Linguistics). --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Semantiek. --- Syntax. --- Typology (Linguistics). --- Second language acquisition --- Langue seconde --- Langage et langues --- Congresses. --- Congresses --- Acquisition --- Congrès --- Etude et enseignement --- Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Syntaxe --- Typologie (Linguistique) --- Fonctionnalisme (Linguistique) --- Syntax --- Tweede taal. Onderwijs. (Congres) --- Taal. Aanleren. (Congres) --- Universaux. (Congrès) --- Deuxième langue. Enseignement. (Congrès) --- Langage. Apprentissage. (Congrès) --- Universaliën. (Congres) --- Usan [Langue]. Grammaire. --- Usan [Taal]. Spraakkunst. --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Interpersonal communication in children --- Psycholinguistics