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Since the starting of negotiations, TTIP has attracted fierce criticisms from a large part of civil society: non-governmental organizations, trade unions, associations, etc. They firmly oppose the conclusion of such a treaty between EU and US because, in their opinion, it will engender disastrous consequences for the European Union and its citizens affecting negatively the European environmental, social, economic and political standards and values. 
On the other side, there are the Council of the European Union and the European Commission pushing for the conclusion of a comprehensive and ambitious transatlantic partnership to boost the economy, create jobs and shape global standards and values.
Moved by the desire to shed light on such controversial treaty in order to better understand what is at stake and what there is behind the negotiations of this ambitious transatlantic free trade area, I dedicated the present work to the opposition that sees on one side the Civil Society accusing the European Institutions to compromise the fundaments of the EU and, on the other side, the European Commission trying to overcome such criticisms and getting to the end line of the negotiations.
Therefore, I posed myself the following research question which guided me in drawing up the present document: In relation to the European Union negotiating positions, are Civil Society’s concerns about TTIP, seen as a menace to the European high level environmental, social, economic and political standards and values, well founded?
To find an answer to this research question I focused my attention on the different reasons which brought the Civil Society to harshly campaign against TTIP and on those supported by the European Commission and the Council to defend and promote the conclusion of it. These opposite perspectives are studied through the lens of a qualitative methodology analysing official documents, specific literature, position papers, case studies, and interviews which usefully contributed to deeply comprehend parties’ position on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership issue.
During the research other interesting questions interconnected one another arose on which I also focused my attention, enriching the purpose of the work and enlarging the field of study, such as: Is the European Commission taking into account civil society claims in the negotiating process? Is there any possibility to reach a compromise between them? Is civil society participating to the negotiating process?
The present work is structured in three chapters, each of them aims at explaining the position assumed by those actors taken into account for the purpose of the thesis, respectively: 1. Council of the EU; 2. civil society; 3. European Commission.
The first chapter starts making a brief historical excursus of EU-US relations, describing the key institutional links that since about sixty years have been established between them, creating a long-standing and solid political and economic partnership. Analysing such a relation, the chapter continues mentioning the decision of leaders of both countries to further strengthen their relation through a transatlantic treaty, creating on purpose a High Level Working Group (HLWG) to explore new ways of cooperation. Then it introduces the main findings of the final report released by this group, consisting in a series of recommendations that negotiators should follow for reaching an ambitious transatlantic partnership. But the very core of the first section is represented by the deep analyses of the Council negotiating mandate which, departing from those recommendations made by the HLWG, dictated the ‘red lines’ with which the European Commission must comply in negotiating TTIP provisions, a framework delimiting the areas of negotiations.
The second chapter analyses the civil society perspective. It begins introducing those civil society organizations which are in the forefront of the campaign against the TTIP, firstly taking into account their means of action. Indeed, it focuses on the online platform ‘StopTTIP.org’ created by them which accounts as the largest anti-TTIP front of the European Union. Then, the chapter continues analysing the majeure criticisms raised by civil society, carefully describing their concerns towards those critical issues involved in the negotiations. To better understanding their worries, I interviewed one of the main organiser guiding the anti-TTIP campaign whose arguments represent a good tool for having an effective overview of civil society perspective.
The third chapter describes the perspective of the European Commission, since it is charged to carry out the negotiations on behalf of the EU. This section analyses the behaviour assumed by the European Commission vis-à-vis civil society’s claims, studying its attitude to take into considerations their will and requests and to resolve their discontents. In this chapter the lens is particularly pointed towards the position papers and proposals for legal text on TTIP tabled during the negotiation rounds by the Commission in order to understand the positions and principles followed by the European Union for such a treaty.
In conclusion the present work aims at matching the negotiating positions put forward by the European Commission through the textual proposals with the criticisms raised by civil society in order to find an answer to my research question.

TTIP --- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership --- Civil Society Criticisms against TTIP --- European TTIP Negotiating Positions --- EU-US Economic Relations --- TTIP Negotiating Mandate --- Droit, criminologie & sciences politiques > Sciences politiques, administration publique & relations internationales

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Hommage de Mario Telò

United States --- European Union countries --- Etats-Unis --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Foreign economic relations --- Commercial policy. --- Commercial treaties. --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Politique commerciale --- Commercial treaties --- Accords commerciaux --- Commercial policy --- PTCI --- Partenariat transatlantique de commerce et d'investissement --- TAFTA --- TTIP --- Traité de libre-échange transatlantique --- Trans-Atlantisch Vrijhandels- en Investeringsverdrag --- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Relations économiques extérieures --- United States - Foreign economic relations - European Union countries --- European Union countries - Foreign economic relations - United States --- United States - Commercial policy --- European Union countries - Commercial policy --- United States - Commercial treaties --- European Union countries - Commercial treaties

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“By combining rhetorical theory and strategies with framing, the authors advance an innovative approach, providing a nuanced examination of both supporters and opponents’ arguments over TTIP…it is a must-read and deserves to become a core reference work.” —Aukje van Loon, Postdoctoral researcher and lecturer at the Chair of International Politics, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany “Eliasson and Garcia-Duran’s rhetorical mapping of the contestation around TTIP reads as a political rollercoaster, drawing out how the once largely ‘club-like’ atmosphere of trade negotiations has become politicized. Their insightful account shows how the politics of trade has become a debate over the future shape of human society.” —Michael Strange, Reader in International Relations, Malmö University, Sweden This book investigates the politics of transatlantic trade, specifically the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership negotiations. Using a novel approach, the authors analyze the rhetorical choices made by opponents and supporters of an agreement, and the logical behind their arguments. Opponents used emotive frames and strategically chosen issues to increase public opposition to the negotiations; supporters countered, but also accommodated, parts of opponents’ rhetoric in hopes of quelling discontent. The study also highlights the resulting changes to EU trade policy, thus contributing to the literatures on trade policy, politicization, and rhetorical analysis. Leif Johan Eliasson is Professor in the Department of Political Science and Economics at East Stroudsburg University, USA. Patricia Garcia-Duran Huet is Associate Professor in the Economic History Department at the University of Barcelona, Spain. .

Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. --- TTIP --- European Union countries --- United States --- U.S.A. --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- USA --- US --- Arhab --- Ar. ha-B. --- Artsot ha-Berit --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- ABSh --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- ABŞ --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Forente stater --- Spojené staty americké --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Yhdysvallat --- Verenigde Staten --- Egyesült Államok --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Estados Unidos de América --- United States of America --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- SShA --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- VSA --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Estados Unidos --- EE.UU. --- Stany Zjednoczone --- ĒPA --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- ZSA --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mei guo --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- U.S. --- America (Republic) --- Amirika Carékat --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- VS --- ولايات المتحدة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- Istadus Unidus --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Bí-kok --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- AQSh --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- Yunaeted Stet --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- САЩ --- SASht --- Съединените щати --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Америка (Republic) --- Amerika (Republic) --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Stati Uniti --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ē.P.A. --- Usono --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- FS --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Stâts Unîts --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- S.U.A. --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- Mî-koet --- 미국 --- Miguk --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- Foreign economic relations --- Economic policy. --- Globalization. --- Economic development. --- Social change. --- International organization. --- Development Policy. --- Development and Social Change. --- Regional Development. --- International Organization. --- Federation, International --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International administration --- International federation --- Organization, International --- World federation --- World government --- World order --- World organization --- Congresses and conventions --- International relations --- Peace --- Political science --- International agencies --- International cooperation --- Security, International --- World politics --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- Anti-globalization movement --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy

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PTCI --- Partenariat transatlantique de commerce et d'investissement --- TAFTA --- TTIP --- Traité de libre-échange transatlantique --- Trans-Atlantisch Vrijhandels- en Investeringsverdrag --- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership --- BPB1609 --- Union européenne --- États-Unis --- Accord commercial --- Accord de libre-échange --- Coopération économique --- Marché libre --- 464 Buitenlandse handel --- Europese unie --- Verenigde Staten --- Handelsovereenkomst --- Vrijhandelsovereenkomst --- Economische samenwerking --- Vrije markt --- otvoreno tržište --- freier Devisenmarkt --- свободен валутен пазар --- treg i hapur --- suq miftuħ --- отворен пазар --- mercado libre --- mercado livre --- frit marked --- open market --- mercato libero --- volný trh --- voľný trh --- öppen marknad --- brīvais tirgus --- atviroji rinka --- prosti trg --- отворено тржиште --- vabaturg --- ελεύθερη αγορά --- vrije markt --- piață deschisă --- vapaat markkinat --- szabadpiac --- rynek walutowy wolny --- mercato parallelo --- mercato libero dei cambi --- mercato libero delle divise --- economic cooperation --- wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit --- hospodářská spolupráce --- cooperación económica --- taloudellinen yhteistyö --- економска соработка --- cooperare economică --- cooperação económica --- gazdasági együttműködés --- majanduskoostöö --- gospodarska suradnja --- kooperazzjoni ekonomika --- икономическо сътрудничество --- cooperazione economica --- współpraca gospodarcza --- economische samenwerking --- привредна сарадња --- gospodarsko sodelovanje --- ekonominis bendradarbiavimas --- hospodárska spolupráca --- ekonomiskt samarbete --- økonomisk samarbejde --- bashkëpunim ekonomik --- ekonomiskā sadarbība --- οικονομική συνεργασία --- ekonomická spolupráce --- hospodářská kooperace --- hospodářská součinnost --- ekonomická kooperace --- ekonomska suradnja --- die Vereinigte Staaten --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Združene države --- United States --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες --- l-Istati Uniti --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- Stati Uniti --- Shtetet e Bashkuara --- Estados Unidos --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Spojené státy --- Egyesült Államok --- Statele Unite --- Amerikas Savienotās Valstis --- Förenta staterna --- Сједињене Америчке Државе --- Jungtinės Valstijos --- Yhdysvallat --- Съединени щати --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Spojené štáty --- Соединети Американски Држави --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- САД --- VS --- USA --- EE.UU. --- JAV --- Amerikas förenta stater --- l-Istati Uniti tal-Amerika --- los Estados Unidos de América --- ΗΠΑ --- Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës --- SAD --- Verenigde Staten van Amerika --- Соединетите Држави --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Statele Unite ale Americii --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- SHBA --- United States of America --- Ühendriigid --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής --- EUA --- ASV --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Združene države Amerike --- Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki --- САЩ --- Съединени американски щати --- SUA --- Yhdysvallat, USA --- Spojené státy americké --- U.S.A. --- Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos --- Sjedinjene Države --- Estados Unidos da América --- De Forenede Stater --- Spojené státy severoamerické --- Amerikan yhdysvallat --- Spojené štáty americké --- die Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- US --- Europese Unie --- Europska unija --- União Europeia --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Európai Unió --- Europäische Union --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- European Union --- Euroopan unioni --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unión Europea --- Evropska unija --- Unia Europejska --- Unione europea --- Uniunea Europeană --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- an tAontas Eorpach --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- EU --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- dohoda o volném obchodu --- szabadkereskedelmi megállapodás --- sporazum o prosti trgovini --- Freihandelsabkommen --- vabakaubandusleping --- free-trade agreement --- спогодба за слободна трговија --- споразум о слободној трговини --- sporazum o slobodnoj trgovini --- vapaakauppasopimus --- brīvās tirdzniecības līgums --- acuerdo de libre comercio --- dohoda o voľnom obchode --- marrëveshje e tregtisë së lirë --- frihandelsaftale --- umowa o wolnym handlu --- laisvosios prekybos susitarimas --- acordo de comércio livre --- acord de comerț liber --- Договор за свободна търговия --- accordo di libero scambio --- frihandelsavtal --- vrijhandelsovereenkomst --- συμφωνία ελεύθερων συναλλαγών --- ftehim ta’ kummerċ ħieles --- договор за слободна трговија --- laisvosios prekybos sutartis --- acuerdo de libre cambio --- handelsavtal --- prekybos susitarimas --- accordo commerciale --- trgovinski sporazum --- obchodná dohoda --- εμπορική συμφωνία --- ftehim kummerċjali --- handelsaftale --- comhaontú trádála --- трговска спогодба --- umowa handlowa międzynarodowa --- acordo comercial --- kereskedelmi megállapodás --- търговско споразумение --- acuerdo comercial --- handelsovereenkomst --- kauppasopimus --- kaubanduskokkulepe --- трговински споразум --- Handelsabkommen --- tirdzniecības nolīgums --- acord comercial --- obchodní dohoda --- trade agreement --- marrëveshje tregtare --- kereskedelmi tárgyalások --- negociata tregtare --- négociation commerciale --- obchodná zmluva --- handelsforhandling --- trade treaty --- εμπορική συνθήκη --- obchodné rokovania --- prekybos derybos --- Handelsverhandlung --- trgovinski pregovori --- traité commercial --- negoziato commerciale --- εμπορικές διαπραγματεύσεις --- kaubavahetusleping --- negociación comercial --- trattativa commerciale --- tratado comercial --- handelsverdrag --- handelstraktat --- трговски преговори --- trade negotiations --- traktat për tregtinë --- prekybos sutartis --- handelsfördrag --- handelsförhandling --- kauppaneuvottelut --- tratat comercial --- kaubandusläbirääkimised --- трговија --- handelsbespreking --- tirdzniecības sarunas --- negocieri comerciale --- negociação comercial --- margadh oscailte --- comhar eacnamaíoch --- Na Stáit Aontaithe --- comhaontú saorthrádála --- Foreign trade regulation. --- International trade --- Political aspects. --- Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. --- European Union countries --- Foreign economic relations --- Marché libre --- Union européenne --- États-Unis --- Accord de libre-échange --- Coopération économique