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Founded in 1897, when the state of Texas was just half a century old, the Texas State Historical Association soon became known as the nation's most dynamic regional history organization. Earlier attempts to organize historical societies in Texas, traced in the opening chapter, illuminate the factors that came ultimately to be decisive in the success of the Association: the wisdom in linking the organization with the University of Texas, the inclusion of lay historians, and the continued insistence on high academic standards. Within the larger framework of the directors, the programs, and

Texas State Historical Association --- TSHA --- History.

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Chad --- History --- Dictionaries --- Bibliography --- Tshād --- Tchad --- Tsad --- Ciad --- Republic of the Chad --- Tschad --- Tashād --- République du Tchad --- Darna --- Tishād --- Gouvernement d'union nationale de transition du Tchad --- Bibliography. --- Dictionaries. --- تشاد‎ --- جمهورية تشاد‎ --- Jumhūrīyat Tshād --- Jumhūriyyat Tshād --- Chad - History - Dictionaries --- Chad - Bibliography

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Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Business Management --- Food supply --- Famines --- Famines. --- Food supply. --- Chad. --- Food control --- Produce trade --- Agriculture --- Food security --- Single cell proteins --- Famine --- Starvation --- Ciad --- Darna --- Gouvernement d'union nationale de transition du Tchad --- Jumhūrīyat Tshād --- Jumhūriyyat Tshād --- Republic of the Chad --- République du Tchad --- Tashād --- Tchad --- Tishād --- Tsad --- Tschad --- Tshād

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KEY ISSUES Context: Chad is a fragile country with weak institutional capacity that needs to manage volatile and exhaustible oil revenues prudently to tackle its large development needs. Chad is enjoying a period of domestic political stability, but major regional security issues are imposing significant fiscal costs in both the short and medium term. Macroeconomic policy over the last few years has achieved a gradual tightening of the underlying fiscal policy stance together with a sizable increase in public investment. Satisfactory performance under an SMP in 2013 demonstrated the authorities’ commitment to improved macroeconomic management and has set the ground for an upper credit tranche arrangement with the Fund. Policy Framework: The government’s medium-term economic program, anchored by the 2013-2015 National Development Plan (NDP), aims at reinforcing economic growth and making it more inclusive, while maintaining macroeconomic stability and fiscal sustainability. Given the continued heavy dependence on volatile oil revenues that are projected to decline over the long-term and the currently high risk of debt distress, macroeconomic policies target a sustained fiscal adjustment, a buildup of liquidity buffers, and economic diversification. Those objectives will be underpinned by a reform agenda focused on strengthening public financial and debt management and improving the business environment. Request for an Extended Credit Facility arrangement: In the attached letter of intent, the authorities request a three-year arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) in the amount of SDR 79.92 million (120 percent of quota) in support of their medium-term economic program. The ECF arrangement is expected to address the country’s protracted balance of payments’ problems resulting from a trend reduction in oil revenues, maintain adequate international reserves’ coverage, and play a catalytic role for bilateral and multilateral assistance to Chad. The accompanying memorandum of economic and financial policies spells out in more detail the objectives of the program and policy actions that the government of Chad envisages to undertake during 2014–17.

Chad --- Tshād --- Tchad --- Tsad --- Ciad --- Republic of the Chad --- Tschad --- Tashād --- République du Tchad --- Darna --- Tishād --- Gouvernement d'union nationale de transition du Tchad --- تشاد‎ --- جمهورية تشاد‎ --- Jumhūrīyat Tshād --- Jumhūriyyat Tshād --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Investments: Energy --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Energy: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Investment & securities --- Social welfare & social services --- Oil, gas and mining taxes --- Oil --- Public debt --- External debt --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Taxes --- Commodities --- Debts, External --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Debts, Public --- Finance, Public

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This paper discusses key findings of the National Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS) Monitoring and Implementation Report 2005 for Chad. The strategy is based on the attainment of five core objectives: good governance, robust and sustained growth, the development of human capital, improved living conditions for the most vulnerable segments of the population, and environmental protection. This report aims to provide a more comprehensive account of the measures taken and results achieved since the beginning of NPRS implementation.

Poverty --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Chad --- Tshād --- Tchad --- Tsad --- Ciad --- Republic of the Chad --- Tschad --- Tashād --- République du Tchad --- Darna --- Tishād --- Gouvernement d'union nationale de transition du Tchad --- تشاد‎ --- جمهورية تشاد‎ --- Jumhūrīyat Tshād --- Jumhūriyyat Tshād --- Economic conditions. --- Social Services and Welfare --- Demography --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Education: General --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Health: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Education --- Social welfare & social services --- Health economics --- Population & demography --- Poverty & precarity --- Health --- Population and demographics --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Poverty reduction and development --- Population