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International affairs no longer constitute a separate, stand-alone policy area. International affairs have come to permeate virtually every aspect of society, from their origins as primarily territorial, war and peace considerations to regulating everything from consumer protection to agriculture and the environment today; this phenomenon is amplified in the European Union where there is an extra layer of supra-national legislation. In the federal state structure, where material competences are attributed to both federal and component states, the difficult question arises as to which of these levels of government should act on the international stage. Federations have to find a balance between federal unity in international affairs on the one hand and component state autonomy in their attributed material competences on the other. This question regarding the legitimacy of treaties has received insufficient attention until now. In this book, this fundamental question and its consequent permutations and impacts are addressed from a theoretical perspective as well as from a strictly legal perspective. The more abstract theoretical analysis put forth is then applied by way of reference to the example of the sensitive subject of double tax treaties. Whilst this book does not address fiscal federalism per se, it touches upon its externalization reflected in the division of treaty making power.

Law of treaties --- Public law. Constitutional law --- Tax law --- fiscaal recht --- verdragen --- dubbele belasting --- Verdrag inzake stabiliteit, coördinatie en bestuur --- supranationaliteit --- federale staat --- zvezna država --- liitriik --- forbundsstat --- федерална држава --- federatīva valsts --- ομοσπονδιακό κράτος --- liittovaltio --- stat federal --- federace --- Stat federali --- Stato federale --- szövetségi állam --- savezna država --- państwo federalne --- federatívny štát --- feidearálacht --- федерална държава --- савезна држава --- Bundesstaat --- federacinė valstybė --- förbundsstat --- Estado federal --- Shtet federal --- État fédéral --- federal State --- неунитарна држава --- сложена држава --- Föderativstaat --- сојузна држава --- spolkový stát --- föderativer Staat --- föderatív állam --- federalna država --- federální stát --- federativní republika --- federativní stát --- dvostruko oporezivanje --- kaksinkertainen verotus --- doble imposición --- nodokļu divkārša uzlikšana --- dublă impunere --- двојно оданочување --- doppia imposizione --- cánachas dúbailte --- διπλή φορολογία --- двоструко опорезивање --- double imposition --- taxxa doppja --- dvojí zdanění --- dubbelbeskattning --- kettős adóztatás --- dobbeltbeskatning --- topeltmaksustamine --- dvojna obdavčitev --- dvigubas apmokestinimas --- podwójne opodatkowanie --- dupla tributação --- double taxation --- tatim i dyfishtë --- dvojité zdanenie --- двойно данъчно облагане --- Doppelbesteuerung --- supranationality --- szupranacionalitás --- наднационалност --- υπερεθνικότητα --- overstatslighed --- nadnárodnosť --- supranacionalumas --- naddržavnost --- supranaționalitate --- supranacionalita --- ponadpaństwowość --- Überstaatlichkeit --- supranacionalidad --- fornáisiúntacht --- pārvalstiskums --- ylikansallisuus --- supranazzjonalità --- rahvusülesus --- överstatlighet --- sopranazionalità --- supranationalité --- mbishtetësia --- supranacionalidade --- superiorita --- supranacionāls --- nemzetek felettiség --- nadřazenost --- államok felettiség --- наднационална унија --- pārnacionāls --- svrchovanost EU --- наднационална соработка --- Supranationalität --- majandus- ja rahaliidu stabiilsuse, koordineerimise ja juhtimise leping --- SKS-Vertrag --- fördraget om stabilitet, samordning och styrning inom Ekonomiska och monetära unionen --- Ugovor o stabilnosti, koordinaciji i upravljanju u ekonomskoj i monetarnoj uniji --- traktat om stabilitet, samordning og styring --- Zmluva o stabilite, koordinácii a správe --- sopimus talous- ja rahaliiton vakaudesta, yhteensovittamisesta sekä ohjauksesta ja hallinnasta --- Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance --- Traktat o stabilności, koordynacji i zarządzaniu --- Smlouva o stabilitě, koordinaci a správě --- Traktati për Stabilitetin, Bashkërendimin dhe Qeverisjen --- Tratatul privind stabilitatea, coordonarea și guvernanța --- договор за стабилност, координација и управување во економската --- traité sur la stabilité, la coordination et la gouvernance --- Договор за стабилност, координация и управление --- Conradh ar Chobhsaíocht, ar Chomhordú agus ar Rialachas --- trattato sulla stabilità, sul coordinamento e sulla governance nell'Unione economica e monetaria --- Sutartis dėl stabilumo, koordinavimo ir valdysenos --- Trattat dwar l-Istabbiltà, il-Koordinazzjoni u l-Governanza --- Szerződés a gazdasági és monetáris unióbeli stabilitásról, koordinációról és kormányzásról --- Συνθήκη για τη σταθερότητα, τον συντονισμό και τη διακυβέρνηση στην Οικονομική και Νομισματική Ένωση --- Pogodba o stabilnosti, usklajevanju in upravljanju --- Tratado sobre Estabilidade, Coordenação e Governação --- Līgums par stabilitāti, koordināciju un pārvaldību --- Tratado de Estabilidad --- δημοσιονομική συμφωνία (ΕΕ) --- TSKG --- TSBQ --- Smlouva o stabilitě, koordinaci a správě v hospodářské a měnové unii --- Fiskalni ugovor (EU) --- Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union --- Pogodba o stabilnosti, usklajevanju in upravljanju v ekonomski in monetarni uniji --- Tratado de Estabilidad, Coordinación y Gobernanza en la Unión Económica y Monetaria --- finanssipoliittinen sopimus (EU) --- фискален пакт (EC) --- δημοσιονομικό σύμφωνο (ΕΕ) --- fiskālais pakts (ES) --- fiskalinis susitarimas (ES) --- SSKV --- fiskaalkokkulepe (EL) --- Verdrag inzake stabiliteit, coördinatie en bestuur in de economische en monetaire unie --- Pacto Presupuestario (UE) --- SKSV --- rozpočtová dohoda (EÚ) --- Traktati për Stabilitetin, Bashkërendimin dhe Qeverisjen në Bashkimin Ekonomik dhe Monetar --- begrotingspact (EU) --- Traktat o stabilności, koordynacji i zarządzaniu w unii gospodarczej i walutowej --- PSUU --- finanspakt (EU) --- a gazdasági és monetáris unió stabilitásáról, koordinációjáról és irányításáról szóló egyezmény --- LSKP --- Sutartis dėl stabilumo, koordinavimo ir valdysenos ekonominėje ir pinigų sąjungoje --- traité sur la stabilité, la coordination et la gouvernance au sein de l'UEM --- pact bugetar (UE) --- patto di bilancio (UE) --- pakt fiskalny (UE) --- Trattat dwar l-Istabbiltà, il-Koordinazzjoni u l-Governanza fl-Unjoni Ekonomika u Monetarja --- fiskalni dogovor (EU) --- TSSS --- traktat om stabilitet, samordning og styring i Den Økonomiske og Monetære Union --- fiscal compact (EU) --- comhshocrú buiséadach (AE) --- fiskalpolitischer Pakt (EU) --- Zmluva o stabilite, koordinácii a správe v hospodárskej a menovej únii --- договор за стабилност, координација и управување во економската и монетарна унија --- finanspagt (EU) --- költségvetési paktum --- patt fiskali (UE) --- fiskalni pakt --- Tratatul privind stabilitatea, coordonarea și guvernanța în cadrul uniunii economice și monetare --- TECG --- Vertrag über Stabilität, Koordinierung und Steuerung in der Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion --- Договора за стабилност, координация и управление в икономическия и паричен съюз --- VSCB --- Līgums par stabilitāti, koordināciju un pārvaldību ekonomiskajā un monetārajā savienībā --- ΣΣΣΔ --- TSCG --- pacto orçamental (UE) --- traité sur la stabilité, la coordination et la gouvernance au sein de l’Union économique et monétaire --- finanspolitisk aftale (EU) --- Tratado sobre Estabilidade, Coordenação e Governação na União Económica e Monetária --- pacte budgétaire (UE) --- Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the EMU --- rozpočtový pakt (EU)