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Während die Forschung sich bislang auf die Urkundenproduktion Kaiser Friedrichs II. (1198-1250) konzentriert hat, analysiert die Studie erstmals in umfassender Weise den konkreten Benutzungskontext von Urkunden, die der Staufer für Empfänger in Italien ausgestellt hat. Sie vergleicht das an Schriftlichkeit gewohnte kommunale Italien mit dem bürokratischen Regnum Siciliae und rückt hierbei die Frage nach der Funktion schriftlicher Dokumente in der symbolischen Kommunikation von Herrschaft in den Mittelpunkt. Aus der Untersuchung der ars dictamini, zeitgenössischen Rechtsgelehrsamkeit, Petitionsakte, Urkundenkopien von Notaren, libri iurium und zeitgenössischen Historiographie geht hervor, dass Urkunden über ihre administrative oder juristische Funktion hinaus zugleich auch als Stellvertreter für den Kaiser galten und entsprechend im Kontext unterschiedlicher Praktiken ein wichtiger Teil symbolischer Herrschaftskommunikation waren.

Diplomatics. --- Frederick II. --- Friedrich II. --- Italien. --- Italy. --- Symbolic Communication. --- Symbolische Kommunikation. --- Urkundenlehre. --- HISTORY / Europe / Germany. --- Frederick --- Friedrich --- Friderici --- diplomatics. --- symbolic communication. --- 962-1268 --- Holy Roman Empire --- Italy --- Europe --- History --- Charters, grants, privileges --- History. --- Germanic Rule, Period under (Italy) --- Naples (Kingdom) --- Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation --- Heiliges Römisches Reich --- Svi︠a︡shchennai︠a︡ Rimskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Imperium Romano Germanicum --- S.R.I. --- Sacrum Romanum Imperium --- Austria --- Germany --- Svi͡ashchennai͡a Rimskai͡a Imperii͡ --- Italia --- Italian Republic --- Italianska republika --- Italʹi͡anskai͡a Rėspublika --- Italie --- Italien --- Italii͡ --- Italii͡a Respublikasi --- Italiĭsʹka Respublika --- Itālija --- Itālijas Republika --- Italijos Respublika --- Italikē Dēmokratia --- Īṭāliy --- Italiya Respublikasi --- It'allia --- It'allia Konghwaguk --- İtalya --- İtalya Cumhuriyeti --- Iṭalyah --- Iṭalye --- Itaria --- Itaria Kyōwakoku --- Jumhūrīyah al-Īṭālīyah --- Kgl. Italienische Regierung --- Königliche Italienische Regierung --- Laško --- Lýðveldið Ítalía --- Olasz Köztársaság --- Olaszország --- Regno d'Italia --- Repubblica italiana --- Republiḳah ha-Iṭalḳit --- Włochy --- Yidali --- Yidali Gongheguo

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"How the medieval church drove state formation in EuropeSacred Foundations argues that the medieval church was a fundamental force in European state formation. Existing accounts focus on early modern warfare or contracts between the rulers and the ruled. In contrast, this major study shows that the Catholic Church both competed with medieval monarchs and provided critical templates for governing institutions, the rule of law, and parliaments.The Catholic Church was the most powerful, wealthiest, and best-organized political actor in the Middle Ages. Starting in the eleventh century, the papacy fought for the autonomy of the church, challenging European rulers and then claiming authority over people, territory, and monarchs alike. Anna Grzymała-Busse demonstrates how the church shaped distinct aspects of the European state. Conflicts with the papacy fragmented territorial authority in Europe for centuries to come, propagating urban autonomy and ideas of sovereignty. Thanks to its organizational advantages and human capital, the church also developed the institutional precedents adopted by rulers across Europe-from chanceries and taxation to courts and councils. Church innovations made possible both the rule of law and parliamentary representation.Bringing to light a wealth of historical evidence about papal conflict, excommunications, and ecclesiastical institutions, Sacred Foundations reveals how the challenge and example of powerful religious authorities gave rise to secular state institutions and galvanized state capacity"-- "Sacred Foundations argues that the medieval church was a fundamental force in European state formation. Existing accounts focus on early modern warfare or contracts between the rulers and the ruled. In contrast, this major study shows that the Catholic Church both competed with medieval monarchs and provided critical templates for governing institutions, the rule of law, and parliaments. The Catholic Church was the most powerful, wealthiest, and best-organized political actor in the Middle Ages. Starting in the eleventh century, the papacy fought for the autonomy of the church, challenging European rulers and then claiming authority over people, territory, and monarchs alike. Anna Grzymała-Busse demonstrates how the church shaped distinct aspects of the European state. Conflicts with the papacy fragmented territorial authority in Europe for centuries to come, propagating urban autonomy and ideas of sovereignty. Thanks to its organizational advantages and human capital, the church also developed the institutional precedents adopted by rulers across Europe-from chanceries and taxation to courts and councils. Church innovations made possible both the rule of law and parliamentary representation. Bringing to light a wealth of historical evidence about papal conflict, excommunications, and ecclesiastical institutions, Sacred Foundations reveals how the challenge and example of powerful religious authorities gave rise to secular state institutions and galvanized state capacity"--

Church and state --- Christianity --- History. --- Influence. --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Church history --- Politics and government --- History --- 14th century. --- Adversarial system. --- Arbitration award. --- Archbishop of Canterbury. --- Archdeacon. --- Audit. --- Avignon. --- Baron. --- Benefice. --- Canon law (Catholic Church). --- Capitalism. --- Catholic Church in England and Wales. --- Cistercians. --- Clergy. --- Commercial Revolution. --- Common Pool. --- Conciliarism. --- Consent. --- Control variable. --- Criminal law. --- De facto. --- Debtor. --- Doctrine. --- Donation of Constantine. --- Dummy variable (statistics). --- Early modern period. --- Enthusiasm. --- Eternal life (Christianity). --- Exchequer. --- Excommunication. --- Exemption (church). --- Expenditure. --- Expense. --- Fisc. --- Forms of government. --- Friar. --- Fuero. --- Holy Roman Empire. --- Human capital. --- Hussite Wars. --- Imperial election. --- Institution. --- Interdependence. --- Investiture Controversy. --- Jean Gerson. --- Joint attention. --- Jurisdiction. --- Jurist. --- Justice of the peace. --- Justification (theology). --- Language code. --- Language. --- Languedoc. --- Lawyer. --- Lollardy. --- Lump sum. --- Magnanimity. --- Merciless Parliament. --- Moneyer. --- Monogamy. --- Null hypothesis. --- Pacta sunt servanda. --- Panel data. --- Pawnbroker. --- Pope Gregory IX. --- Pope Leo X. --- Pope Paul III. --- Pope Pius X. --- Pope. --- Popularity. --- Precedent. --- Prerogative. --- Property law. --- Prosecutor. --- Public morality. --- Reprisal. --- Residence. --- Right of passage. --- Roman Law. --- Ruler. --- Scientist. --- Separation of church and state. --- Skill. --- Social environment. --- Social intelligence. --- Sources of law. --- Sovereignty. --- Spoken language. --- State formation. --- Statutes of Mortmain. --- Superiority (short story). --- Supranational union. --- Symbolic communication. --- Tax. --- Throne. --- Tories (British political party). --- Whigs (British political party). --- William of Ockham. --- World government. --- Writ of prohibition. --- Canon law --- Clergy --- Clergy members --- Clergymen --- Diocesan clergy --- Ecclesiastics --- Indigenous clergy --- Major orders --- Members of the clergy --- Ministers (Clergy) --- Ministers of the gospel --- Native clergy --- Ordained clergy --- Ordained ministers --- Orders, Major --- Pastors --- Rectors --- Secular clergy --- Religious leaders --- Public law (Canon law) --- Law --- Ecclesiastical law --- Rescripts, Papal --- Catholic Church --- Christian church history --- History of Europe --- anno 500-1499 --- anno 1500-1799 --- Dogma.