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Color --- Symbolism of colors. --- Psychological aspects. --- Symbolism of colors --- Color symbolism --- Symbolic colors --- Psychological aspects --- Psychology --- Colors

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History of Europe --- anno 500-1499 --- Symbolism in art --- Symbolism of colors --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, Medieval --- Themes, motives --- -Symbolism in art --- Color symbolism --- Symbolic colors --- Color --- Colors --- Allegory (Art) --- Signs and symbols in art --- Art --- Painting, Medieval --- Psychological aspects --- Symbolism in art. --- Symbolism of colors. --- Themes, motives. --- -Symbolism in art. --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, Medieval - Themes, motives

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Black, favorite color of priests and penitents, artists and ascetics, fashion designers and fascists, has always stood for powerfully opposed ideas: authority and humility, sin and holiness, rebellion and conformity, wealth and poverty, good and bad. In this book, the author of Blue now tells the fascinating social history of the color black in Europe. In the beginning was black, he tells us. The archetypal color of darkness and death, black was associated in the early Christian period with hell and the devil but also with monastic virtue. In the medieval era, black became the habit of courtiers and a hallmark of royal luxury. Black took on new meanings for early modern Europeans as they began to print words and images in black and white, and to absorb Isaac Newton's announcement that black was no color after all. During the romantic period, black was melancholy's friend, while in the twentieth century black (and white) came to dominate art, print, photography, and film, and was finally restored to the status of a true color. For the author, the history of any color must be a social history first because it is societies that give colors everything from their changing names to their changing meanings, and black is exemplary in this regard. In dyes, fabrics, and clothing, and in painting and other art works, black has always been a forceful and ambivalent shaper of social, symbolic, and ideological meaning in European societies.

Black --- Color --- Symbolism of colors --- Black in art --- Psychological aspects&delete& --- History --- Social aspects&delete& --- Color symbolism --- Symbolic colors --- Colors --- Chromatics --- Colour --- Chemistry --- Light --- Optics --- Thermochromism --- Dyes and dyeing --- Psychological aspects --- psychological primary colors --- Semiotics --- Iconography --- History of civilization --- black [color] --- Black in art. --- Black. --- History. --- Social aspects --- kleurgebruik

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Illuminated with a wide variety of images, this book traces the long history of yellow around the world. In antiquity, yellow was considered a sacred color, a symbol of light, warmth, wealth, and prosperity. But in medieval Europe, it became highly ambivalent: greenish yellow came to signify demonic sulfur and bile, the color of forgers, felon knights, traitors, Judas, and Lucifer-while warm yellow recalled honey and gold, serving as a sign of joy, pleasure and abundance. The yellow stars of the Holocaust were seared into the color's negative tradition. In Europe today, yellow has diminished to a discreet color. Greenish yellow can still be seen as dangerous, sickly, or poisonous, and golden yellow remains positive, but the color is absent in much of everyday life and is lacking in symbolism. In Asia, however, yellow pigments like ocher and orpiment and dyes like saffron, curcuma, and gaude are abundant. Painting and dyeing in this color has been easier than in Europe, offering a richer and more varied palette of yellows that has granted the color a more positive meaning. In ancient China, for example, yellow clothing was reserved for the emperor. In India, the color is seen as a source of happiness: wearing a little yellow is believed to keep evil away. And importantly, it is the color of Buddhism, whose temple doors are marked with the color. Yellow continues to have different meanings in different cultural traditions, but in most, the color remains associated with light and sun, something that can be seen from afar and that seems warm and always in motion.

Affective and dynamic functions --- Iconography --- History of civilization --- yellow [color] --- psychological primary colors --- Yellow --- Color --- Symbolism of colors --- Yellow in art --- Psychological aspects&delete& --- History --- Social aspects&delete& --- Color symbolism --- Symbolic colors --- Colors --- Psychological aspects --- Chromatics --- Colour --- Chemistry --- Light --- Optics --- Thermochromism --- Social aspects --- kleurgebruik

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Buddhism --- Indian religions --- Asia --- Buddhist art and symbolism. --- Colors --- Symbolism of colors. --- Mahayana Buddhism --- Religious aspects --- Mahayana Buddhism. --- Rituals. --- Buddhist art and symbolism --- -Mahayana Buddhism --- -Symbolism of colors --- Color symbolism --- Symbolic colors --- Color --- Greater vehicle --- Northern Buddhism --- Northern vehicle --- Buddhist sects --- Colours --- Buddhist symbolism --- Lamaist symbolism --- Symbolism and Buddhist art --- Symbolism --- Rituals --- Psychological aspects --- Symbolism of colors --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Colors - Religious aspects - Mahayana Buddhism. --- Mahayana Buddhism - Rituals.