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Minerals --- Symbolic anthropology --- Stone
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Ritual language, wild and domestic animals, and objects of material culture like houses, palaces, and works of art, are often loaded with symbolic meaning. Reading the landscape, or giving meaning to the natural environment, is a cultural act as well, and one must discover what mountains, coastlines, and islands mean to different groups of people. In this book, written on the occasion of Professor Reimar Schefolds retirement from the Department of Cultural Anthropology at Leiden University, colleagues and former students from the Netherlands and abroad demonstrate the variety and wealth of the field of symbolic anthropology. The regional focus of the book is Indonesia. The studies presented range from small island communities in western, northern, and eastern Indonesia to urban settlements in Java and Sumatra. All the contributions are in one way or another related to Reimar Schefolds work over the past thirty-five years, work that includes extensive studies on material culture, rituals, and the use of symbols in the expression of ethnicity among the various cultural groups of Indonesia.
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Symbols and symbolism are, and always have been, an integral part of myth, belief, ideology, ritual, art, and fantasy. These basic areas of human activity are traditionally investigated under a very wide range of headings; but this book ignores the boundaries of such diverse disciplines as political science, religious sociology, psychology, and literature. Originally published in 1975, Consciousness and Change draws upon all these sources, and more; the result is both an introduction to and a perspective on the developing (though at the time by no means clearly defined) field of symbolic anthropology. The book opens with an analysis of symbols, discussing some of their essential qualities. The author then proceeds to examine the Durkheimian and Weberian schools of thought, as reflected in the works of anthropologists ranging from Levi-Strauss to Clifford Geertz; next, he considers the development of Protean symbolism, using material material derived from his own field experience in the U.S. South and elsewhere. He concludes with a typology relating different types of symbols to different periods of history, from the primitivism of the Australian aborigine to the quasi-primitivism of the modern commune-dweller. While it is not intended as a comprehensive textbook, Consciousness and Change provides student and lay reader alike with an introductory overview of the anthropology of symbols.
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Ethnology --- Political anthropology --- Symbolic anthropology
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Signs and symbols --- Symbolism --- Symbolic anthropology --- Anthropology
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"Comment l’homme fait-il face aux situations d’incertitude ? Et que nous révèlent-elles sur l’organisation des sociétés ? L’incertitude envahit tous les espaces de la vie. Néanmoins, si elle naît d’un état individuel et d’un ressenti personnel, c’est d’abord à la lumière du lien social qu’il convient d’interroger cette rupture du quotidien, cet imprévu subi, cette angoisse de ce qui survient et brouille l’horizon des attentes. Car c’est l’organisation des sociétés, leurs institutions, leurs codes, leurs normes, leurs valeurs, leurs symboles, qui procurent aux humains l’assurance de vivre en état de normalité. C’est à la sphère sociale que l’on se réfère pour conjurer l’imprévisible. L’incertitude et les moyens de la résoudre sont socialisés, et donc partagés. Elle est ainsi une aubaine pour l’anthropologue. Parce qu’elle permet de faire émerger et de saisir ce qui, dans des situations habituelles, paraît évident et demeure donc non explicité, la situation d’incertitude oriente vers les valeurs sociales les plus fondamentales. C’est ce processus de socialisation de l’incertitude que Laurent Dousset s’attache à décrypter dans cette étude qui explore les fondements mêmes des sociétés humaines."
Social perception --- Emotions --- Symbolic anthropology --- Uncertainty
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