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Rapid urbanisation, inequalities in income and service levels within and between communities, and population and economic decline are challenging the viability of rural communities worldwide. Achieving healthy and viable rural communities in the face of rapidly changing social, ecological and economic conditions is a declared global priority. As a result, governments all over the world, in both developed and developing countries, are now prioritizing rural and regional development through policies and programs aimed at enhancing the livelihoods of people living in rural regions. In recognition of the important roles that research can play in rural development, a range of systematic literature reviews have rightly examined key priorities in rural development including education, gender, economic development (especially agriculture), and health and nutrition (see Department for International Development [DFID], 2011). However, none of these works has systematically examined the extent to which rural development as a field of research is progressing towards facilitating sustainable change. This book evaluates trends in rural development research across the five continental regions of the world. Specifically, it assesses the total publication output relating to rural development, the types of publications, their quality and impact over the last three decades. Additionally, it evaluates the continental origins of the publications as well as the extent to which such publications engage with issues of sustainability. The aim is to determine whether the rural development field is growing in a manner that reflects research and policy priorities and broader social trends such as sustainability. Development policy makers, practitioners, those teaching research methods and systematic literature reviews to undergraduate and graduate students, and researchers in general will find the book both topical and highly relevant.

Medicine & Public Health. --- Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes. --- Medicine. --- Médecine --- Rural development -- Research. --- Rural development literature. --- Sustainable development -- Research. --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Rural development. --- Community development, Rural --- Development, Rural --- Integrated rural development --- Regional development --- Rehabilitation, Rural --- Rural community development --- Rural development --- Rural economic development --- Citizen participation --- Social aspects --- Pharmacy management. --- Agriculture and state --- Community development --- Economic development --- Regional planning --- Pharmacy --- Pharmacy administration --- Drugstores --- Health services administration --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Administration --- Management --- Health Workforce

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A new paradigm for ‘use-inspired’ research, informed decision making and development of science-based policy is emerging at the very heart of the global sustainability transition.  Sustainability science attempts to unravel the complexities of the coupled Human-Environment System and address the core sustainability challenges of the 21st century: •   Reconciling society’s development goals with the planet’s environmental limits •   Understanding the fundamental character of interactions between nature and society •  Advancing the social and technological knowledge related to sustainability, and using such  knowledge for action • Balancing social and environmental well-being, quality of life, and equity with wise-management and conservation of natural resources The topics in this book focus on emerging research and policy in, a) sustainability science, b) the ecology of cities, c) landscape ecology – scale, spatial patterns, organizational levels, and ecological processes, and d) related topics in resource exploitation and management, the valuation of natural and social capital, habitat and biodiversity conservation, social learning, ecosystem based management, and integrated watershed-coastal zone management.

Economics. --- Environmental economics. --- Environmental law. --- Humanities. --- Sustainable development. --- Sustainable development -- Research. --- Urban Ecology. --- Urban ecology (Sociology) --- Sustainable development --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economics --- Environmental quality --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Urban ecology (Biology). --- Environmental policy. --- Environmental Economics. --- Sustainable Development. --- Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice. --- Economic development --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Environment law --- Environmental policy --- Law --- Cities and towns --- City ecology (Biology) --- Ecology --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Urban ecology --- Urban environment --- Social ecology --- Sociology, Urban

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The recent passing of “Lonesome George,” the last remaining Giant Tortoise from Pinta Island in the Galapagos Archipelago of Ecuador, marks a sad farewell to yet another species from Planet Earth.  The vulnerability of island ecosystems is particularly striking, especially given the expanding human imprint in many of these fragile settings and the corresponding risk of accelerated human development on native and endemic flora and fauna, many of which are iconic or emblematic species used to identify special places, like the Galapagos Islands, an internationally renowned Protected Area and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.   In this volume, and the books to come as part of this Galapagos Series, we explore scientific approaches and conservation perspectives to address the challenges of social-ecological sustainability in island ecosystems, with a special emphasis on the social, terrestrial, and marine sub-systems of the Galapagos and their integrated and linked effects. In this initial volume, we include chapters from scientists, managers, and conservationists that explore contexts and explanations of historical, contemporary, and alternative futures for the Galapagos Islands to set the stage for more focused books in the Series on topics ranging from evolution, history of scientific engagement in the Galapagos, tourism and population migration, and marine ecology of the Galapagos Marine Reserve.   While this book launches the Galapagos Book Series, it also offers a broad and exploratory statement of threats to the Galapagos Islands, such as invasive species and the direct and indirect impacts of human migration, as motivation for subsequent studies and books to benefit science and society in the Galapagos Islands, also with the goal of creating a global template to examine other similarly challenged island ecosystems around the world.   .

Nature conservation -- Galapagos Islands. --- Restoration ecology -- Galapagos Islands. --- Sustainable biodiversity -- Galapagos Islands. --- Sustainable development -- Research -- Galapagos Islands. --- Island ecology --- Biodiversity conservation --- Natural resources conservation areas --- Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Ecology --- Geography-General --- Social aspects --- Social ecology --- Ecotourism --- Tourism --- Holiday industry --- Operators, Tour (Industry) --- Tour operators (Industry) --- Tourism industry --- Tourism operators (Industry) --- Tourist industry --- Tourist trade --- Tourist traffic --- Travel industry --- Visitor industry --- Eco-tourism --- Eco-travel --- Ecological tourism --- Ecotravel --- Environmental tourism --- Green tourism --- Nature tourism --- Ecology, Social --- Environment, Human --- Human ecology (Social sciences) --- Human environment --- Economic aspects --- Geography. --- Ecosystems. --- Community ecology, Biotic. --- Nature conservation. --- Geography, general. --- Nature Conservation. --- Community & Population Ecology. --- Service industries --- National tourism organizations --- Travel --- Social sciences --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Ecology. --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Conservation --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities