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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical microbiology & virology --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- Proteomics --- Mass Spectrometry --- Foodborne bacteria --- Probiotics --- foodborne pathogens --- Cell surface proteins --- food quality --- Food Safety --- Human health

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Biomembranes --- Cell interaction --- Membranes (Biology) --- Cell membrane --- CELL COMMUNICATION --- Cell Communication --- Cell Membrane --- Membrane Proteins --- physiology --- Cell Communication. --- Cell Membrane. --- Membrane Proteins. --- Biological membranes --- Biological interfaces --- Protoplasm --- Cell-cell interaction --- Cell communication --- Cellular communication (Biology) --- Cellular interaction --- Intercellular communication --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Integral Membrane Protein --- Membrane Protein --- Membrane-Associated Proteins --- Cell Membrane Proteins --- Cell Surface Proteins --- Integral Membrane Proteins --- Surface Proteins --- Membrane Associated Proteins --- Membrane Protein, Integral --- Membrane Proteins, Integral --- Protein, Integral Membrane --- Protein, Membrane --- Proteins, Cell Membrane --- Proteins, Cell Surface --- Proteins, Integral Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane-Associated --- Proteins, Surface --- Membranes --- Cytoplasmic Membrane --- Plasma Membrane --- Cell Membranes --- Cytoplasmic Membranes --- Membrane, Cell --- Membrane, Cytoplasmic --- Membrane, Plasma --- Membranes, Cell --- Membranes, Cytoplasmic --- Membranes, Plasma --- Plasma Membranes --- Cell Interaction --- Cell-to-Cell Interaction --- Cell Communications --- Cell Interactions --- Cell to Cell Interaction --- Cell-to-Cell Interactions --- Communication, Cell --- Communications, Cell --- Interaction, Cell --- Interaction, Cell-to-Cell --- Interactions, Cell --- Interactions, Cell-to-Cell --- physiology. --- Cell Membrane Protein --- Cell Surface Protein --- Membrane-Associated Protein --- Surface Protein --- Membrane Associated Protein --- Membrane Protein, Cell --- Protein, Cell Membrane --- Protein, Cell Surface --- Protein, Membrane-Associated --- Protein, Surface --- Surface Protein, Cell --- Cell membrane - physiology - congresses --- Cell Communication - congresses --- Cell Membrane - congresses --- Membrane Proteins - congresses

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Progress in understanding the nature of the biological membrane has been very rapid over a broad front, but still pockets of ignorance remain. Application of the techniques of molecular biology has provided the sequences of a very large number of membrane proteins, and has led to the discovery of superfamilies of membrane proteins of related structure. In turn, the identification of these superfamilies has led to new ways of thinking about membrane processes. Many of these processes can now be discussed in molecular terms, and unexpected relationships between apparently unrelated phenomena are

Adenosine triphosphatase -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Adenosine triphosphatase -- Pathophysiology -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Adenosine triphosphatase. --- Endocytosis. --- Exocytosis. --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology - General --- Membranes (Biology). --- Membrane Proteins --- Cell Membrane --- Proteins --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Anatomy --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Anatomies --- Cell --- Cell Biology --- Cell Components --- Cell Component --- Cellular Structure --- Component, Cell --- Components, Cell --- Structure, Cellular --- Structures, Cellular --- Gene Products, Protein --- Gene Proteins --- Protein --- Protein Gene Products --- Proteins, Gene --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Cytoplasmic Membrane --- Plasma Membrane --- Cell Membranes --- Cytoplasmic Membranes --- Membrane, Cell --- Membrane, Cytoplasmic --- Membrane, Plasma --- Membranes, Cell --- Membranes, Cytoplasmic --- Membranes, Plasma --- Plasma Membranes --- Membranes --- Integral Membrane Protein --- Membrane Protein --- Membrane-Associated Proteins --- Cell Membrane Protein --- Cell Membrane Proteins --- Cell Surface Protein --- Cell Surface Proteins --- Integral Membrane Proteins --- Membrane-Associated Protein --- Surface Protein --- Surface Proteins --- Membrane Associated Protein --- Membrane Associated Proteins --- Membrane Protein, Cell --- Membrane Protein, Integral --- Membrane Proteins, Integral --- Protein, Cell Membrane --- Protein, Cell Surface --- Protein, Integral Membrane --- Protein, Membrane --- Protein, Membrane-Associated --- Protein, Surface --- Proteins, Cell Membrane --- Proteins, Cell Surface --- Proteins, Integral Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane-Associated --- Proteins, Surface --- Surface Protein, Cell --- Membranes (Biology) --- Biological transport. --- Carrier proteins. --- Membrane proteins.

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Although 30% of the healthy human population is colonized with various Staphylococcus species, some staphylococcal strains, referred to as opportunistic pathogens, can cause minor to life-threatening diseases. The pathogenicity of these bacteria depends on their virulence factors and the robustness of the regulatory networks expressing these virulence factors. Virulence factors of pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. consist of numerous toxins, enterotoxins (some of which act as superantigens), enzymes, and proteins (cytoplasmic, extracellular, and surface) that are regulated by two-component (TC) and quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory networks. To enter this niche, some other Staphylococcus species, such as Staphylococcus simulans, produce a potent endopeptidase called lysostaphin, which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic S. aureus. Some other Staphylococcus species produce autolysins and cationic peptides to win the intra- and inter-species competition. The outcome of this microbial invasion depends not only on pathogenic factors but also on the host’s internal and external defense mechanisms, including a healthy skin microbiome. A healthy skin microbiome population can prevent colonization by other major pathogens. As normal host microflora, these commensals establish a complex relationship with the host as well as the surrounding microbial communities. This Special Issue of Microorganisms is focused on studies and recent advancements in our understanding of staphylococcal virulence mechanisms that enable Staphylococcus spp. either to successfully establish themselves as a colonizer or to overcome the host’s defense system to cause infection along with our effort to make an anti-staphylococcal vaccine.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- biofilm --- MRSA --- silver ion --- silver sulfadiazine --- wound infections --- Staphylococcus aureus --- methicillin resistance --- human infection --- CC130 --- biomaterials --- medical devices --- HL-60 cells --- PMNs --- endotracheal tube --- titanium --- implantable devices --- nosocomial diseases --- Staphylococcus lugdunensis --- sortase A --- surface proteins --- LPXTG --- small colony variants --- influenza virus --- super-infection --- pro-inflammatory response --- rural Ghana --- molecular epidemiology --- chronic wounds --- invasive disease --- surgery-associated infection --- sepsis --- SA4Ag vaccine --- conjugated polysaccharide --- ClfA --- MntC --- protection --- animal models --- phase variation --- Staphylococcus epidermidis --- microbiota --- multidrug resistance --- genome sequencing --- phylogenetic analyses --- arthroplasty surgery --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) --- community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) --- CA-MRSA strain USA300 --- murine skin infection model --- dermatopathology --- dermonecrosis --- neutrophil --- host antibacterial response --- cytokine --- chemokine --- physiology --- metabolism --- carbon catabolite repression --- CcpA --- HPr --- colonization --- mouse --- JSNZ --- aurintricarboxylic acid --- ATA --- adhesion inhibitor --- mupirocin --- nose --- superantigen --- mastitis --- food intoxication --- regulation --- sec variants --- CM lipids --- daptomycin resistance --- resensitization --- biofilm --- MRSA --- silver ion --- silver sulfadiazine --- wound infections --- Staphylococcus aureus --- methicillin resistance --- human infection --- CC130 --- biomaterials --- medical devices --- HL-60 cells --- PMNs --- endotracheal tube --- titanium --- implantable devices --- nosocomial diseases --- Staphylococcus lugdunensis --- sortase A --- surface proteins --- LPXTG --- small colony variants --- influenza virus --- super-infection --- pro-inflammatory response --- rural Ghana --- molecular epidemiology --- chronic wounds --- invasive disease --- surgery-associated infection --- sepsis --- SA4Ag vaccine --- conjugated polysaccharide --- ClfA --- MntC --- protection --- animal models --- phase variation --- Staphylococcus epidermidis --- microbiota --- multidrug resistance --- genome sequencing --- phylogenetic analyses --- arthroplasty surgery --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) --- community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) --- CA-MRSA strain USA300 --- murine skin infection model --- dermatopathology --- dermonecrosis --- neutrophil --- host antibacterial response --- cytokine --- chemokine --- physiology --- metabolism --- carbon catabolite repression --- CcpA --- HPr --- colonization --- mouse --- JSNZ --- aurintricarboxylic acid --- ATA --- adhesion inhibitor --- mupirocin --- nose --- superantigen --- mastitis --- food intoxication --- regulation --- sec variants --- CM lipids --- daptomycin resistance --- resensitization

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The book focuses on the aqueous interface of biomolecules, a vital yet overlooked area of biophysical research. Most biological phenomena cannot be fully understood at the molecular level without considering interfacial behavior. The author presents conceptual advances in molecular biophysics that herald the advent of a new discipline, epistructural biology, centered on the interactions of water and biomolecular structures across the interface. The author introduces powerful theoretical and computational resources in order to address fundamental topics such as protein folding, the physico-chemical basis of enzyme catalysis and protein associations. On the basis of this information, a multi-disciplinary approach is used to engineer therapeutic drugs and to allow substantive advances in targeted molecular medicine. This book will be of interest to scientists, students and practitioners in the fields of chemistry, biophysics and biomedical engineering.

Life Sciences. --- Protein-Ligand Interactions. --- Membrane Biology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Biophysics and Biological Physics. --- Life sciences. --- Medicine. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- RNA-ligand interactions. --- Cell membranes. --- Sciences de la vie --- Médecine --- Techniques pharmaceutiques --- Membrane cellulaire --- Antigens, Surface --- Membrane Glycoproteins --- Drug Therapy --- Drug Discovery --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Proteins --- Glycoproteins --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Antigens --- Investigative Techniques --- Therapeutics --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Chemistry --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Pharmacology --- Biological Factors --- Phenomena and Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Cell Adhesion Molecules --- Drug Design --- Cell Adhesion --- Drug Delivery Systems --- Membrane Proteins --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biochemistry --- Integral Membrane Protein --- Membrane Protein --- Membrane-Associated Proteins --- Cell Membrane Proteins --- Cell Surface Proteins --- Integral Membrane Proteins --- Surface Proteins --- Membrane Associated Proteins --- Membrane Protein, Integral --- Membrane Proteins, Integral --- Protein, Integral Membrane --- Protein, Membrane --- Proteins, Cell Membrane --- Proteins, Cell Surface --- Proteins, Integral Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane-Associated --- Proteins, Surface --- Drug Targeting --- Delivery System, Drug --- Delivery Systems, Drug --- Drug Delivery System --- Drug Targetings --- System, Drug Delivery --- Systems, Drug Delivery --- Targeting, Drug --- Targetings, Drug --- Adhesion, Cell --- Adhesions, Cell --- Cell Adhesions --- Drug Modeling --- Design, Drug --- Designs, Drug --- Drug Designs --- Drug Modelings --- Modeling, Drug --- Modelings, Drug --- Saccharide Mediated Cell Adhesion Molecules --- Intercellular Adhesion Molecules --- Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules --- Saccharide-Mediated Cell Adhesion Molecules --- Adhesion Molecules, Cell --- Adhesion Molecules, Intercellular --- Adhesion Molecules, Leukocyte --- Molecules, Cell Adhesion --- Molecules, Intercellular Adhesion --- Molecules, Leukocyte Adhesion --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Biologic Agents --- Biologic Factors --- Biological Factor --- Factor, Biologic --- Factor, Biological --- Factors, Biological --- Biological Agents --- Agents, Biologic --- Agents, Biological --- Biologic Factor --- Factors, Biologic --- Pharmacologies --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Cell Physiological Phenomenon --- Cell Physiological Process --- Physiology, Cell --- Cell Physiology --- Phenomena, Cell Physiological --- Phenomenon, Cell Physiological --- Physiological Process, Cell --- Physiological Processes, Cell --- Process, Cell Physiological --- Processes, Cell Physiological --- Cells --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Antigen --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutic --- Pharmaceutic Chemistry --- Pharmaceutical Chemistry --- Medicinal Chemistry --- Chemistry, Medicinal --- Glycoprotein --- Neoglycoproteins --- Gene Products, Protein --- Gene Proteins --- Protein Gene Products --- Proteins, Gene --- Drug Prospecting --- Discovery, Drug --- Prospecting, Drug --- Therapy, Drug --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacotherapy --- Chemotherapies --- Drug Therapies --- Pharmacotherapies --- Therapies, Drug --- Cell Surface Glycoprotein --- Membrane Glycoprotein --- Surface Glycoprotein --- Cell Surface Glycoproteins --- Surface Glycoproteins --- Glycoprotein, Cell Surface --- Glycoprotein, Membrane --- Glycoprotein, Surface --- Glycoproteins, Cell Surface --- Glycoproteins, Membrane --- Glycoproteins, Surface --- Surface Glycoprotein, Cell --- Surface Glycoproteins, Cell --- Cell Surface Antigen --- Immunologic Surface Markers --- Markers, Immunological Surface --- Surface Antigen --- Surface Markers, Immunologic --- Cell Surface Antigens --- Surface Antigens --- Surface Markers, Immunological --- Antigen, Cell Surface --- Antigen, Surface --- Antigens, Cell Surface --- Immunological Surface Markers --- Markers, Immunologic Surface --- Surface Antigen, Cell --- Surface Antigens, Cell --- pharmacology --- physiology --- therapy --- drug therapy --- therapeutic use --- Molecular biology. --- Proteins. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Biomolecules. --- Proteins . --- Cell membranes . --- Biological physics --- Biology --- Physics --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Proteids --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics