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Book
ISBN: 9076924171 Year: 2005 Publisher: Kortenberg Uitgeverij voor Handel en Nijverheid
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ISBN: 0255360592 9780255360593 Year: 1974 Publisher: London,
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ISBN: 9788813301866 8813301863 Year: 2009 Publisher: Milan: CEDAM,
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Year: 1956 Publisher: Heidelberg: Kerle,
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Dissertation
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Year: 1965 Publisher: Berlin, : F. Vahlen,
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Year: 2008 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,
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"Government price subsidies are pervasive in developed, emerging, and low-income countries. A subsidy is a form of government intervention resulting in a deviation of an actual price facing consumers and producers from a specified benchmark price. Subsidies affect consumption and production patterns as well as the distribution of resources, with important implications for the budget, expenditure composition, and long-term growth. They can and often do involve fiscal costs, but not all affect government fiscal accounts in the same way. Price subsidies have spillover effects onto prices and quantities in domestic, regional, or global markets. This paper discusses the key issues and policy options in the reform of subsidies for fossil fuels and selected food commodities, and their implications for the work of the Fund."--IMF information page summary.
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Year: 2013 Publisher: Washington, DC : World Bank, Washington, DC,
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This paper applies meta-analysis techniques to a sample of 37 studies published during 2004-2011. These papers assess the impact of direct subsidies on business research and development. The results show that the effect of public investment on research and development is predominantly positive and significant. Furthermore, public funds do not crowd out but incentivize firms to revert funds into research and development. The coefficient of additionality impacts on research and development ranges from 0.166 to 0.252, with reasonable confidence intervals at the 95 percent level. The results are highly sensitive to the method used. The high heterogeneity of precision is explained by the wide variety of methodologies used to estimate the impacts and paper characteristics.
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ISBN: 0115116389 Year: 1976 Publisher: London Her Majesty's stationery office
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