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The book analyses diplomacy and paradiplomacy in the European Union and in Latin America from a multidisciplinary perspective. The paradiplomacy, as a means of unofficial relationships that reacts differently to the pressure of the international system, despite its relevance and importance, is scarcely analysed by academia.

Subnational governments --- Foreign relations

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Decentralization in government --- Subnational governments

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Cities have become increasingly important to global politics, but have largely occupied a peripheral place in the academic study of International Relations (IR). This is a notable oversight for the discipline, although one which may be explained by IR’s traditional state centrism, the subjugation of the city to the demands of the territorial state in the modern period, and a lack of conceptual and analytical frameworks that can allow scholars to include the impact of cities within their work.Presenting case-specific scholarship from leading experts in the field, each contribution guides the reader through the changing nature of cities in the international system and their increasing prominence in global governance outcomes. The book features case studies on the financial power of cities, city action in the security domain, collaboration of cities in coping with environmental problems, transnational urban regions, and mayors as international actors to illustrate if the relationship between the city and the state has changed in profound ways, and how cities are empowered by structural changes in world politics.The multidisciplinary and global focus in The Power of Cities in International Relations sheds much needed light on the significance of the reemergence of cities from the long shadow of the nation-state. Only by examining the mechanisms that have empowered cities in the last few decades can we understand their new functions and capabilities in global politics.

Subnational governments --- International relations --- Municipal government --- Globalization

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Subnational governments --- Politics and government. --- Subnational governments. --- United States --- United States. --- Politics and government

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Since the Reagan presidency, more and more public policymaking authority has devolved to the states. This work is organized around three major themes: the conceptualization and measurement of public opinion in the states; explanations of variation in state public opinion; and the impact of public opinion on state politics and policy.

State governments --- Public opinion --- Subnational governments --- Public opinion.