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Educational effectiveness --- Educational productivity --- School improvement programs --- Student outcomes --- School effectiveness research

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The role of improved schooling, a central part of most development strategies, has become controversial because expansion of school attainment has not guaranteed improved economic conditions. This paper reviews the role of education in promoting economic well-being, focusing on the role of educational quality. It concludes that there is strong evidence that the cognitive skills of the population-rather than mere school attainment-are powerfully related to individual earnings, to the distribution of income, and to economic growth. New empirical results show the importance of both minimal and high-level skills, the complementarity of skills and the quality of economic institutions, and the robustness of the relationship between skills and growth. International comparisons incorporating expanded data on cognitive skills reveal much larger skill deficits in developing countries than generally derived from just school enrollment and attainment. The magnitude of change needed makes it clear that closing the economic gap with industrial countries will require major structural changes in schooling institutions.

Access and Equity in Basic Education --- Adult Literacy --- Cognitive Skills --- Education --- Education For All --- Education for All --- Education For All Initiative --- Education Policy --- Educational Outcomes --- Educational Quality --- Effective Schools and Teachers --- Enrollment Rates --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Knowledge --- Learning --- Literacy Survey --- Population Policies --- Primary Education --- Quality of Education --- Returns to Education --- School --- School Enrollment --- School Improvement --- Schooling --- Schools --- Secondary Education --- Student Outcomes --- Tertiary Education

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In 2009, the Mexican state of Colima implemented a low-stakes accountability intervention with diagnostic feedback among 108 public primary schools with the lowest test scores in the national student assessment. A difference-in-difference and a regression discontinuity design are used to identify the effects of the intervention on learning outcomes. The two alternative strategies consistently show that the intervention increased test scores by 0.12 standard deviations only a few months after the program was launched. When students, teachers, and parents in a school know that their scores are low, and this triggers a process of self-evaluation and analysis, the process itself may lead to an improvement in learning outcomes. Information on quality, without punitive measures but within a supportive and collaborative environment, appears to be sufficient to improve learning outcomes.

Academic areas --- Academic year --- Achievement --- Age-grade distortion --- Average number of students --- Average score --- Average test scores --- Classroom --- Classrooms --- College --- Community schools --- Curriculum --- Decentralization --- Diplomas --- Economics of education --- Education --- Education authorities --- Education for all --- Education of teachers --- Education policies --- Education programs --- Education services --- Education system --- Educational authorities --- Educational programs --- Effective schools & teachers --- Exam --- Future research --- Girls --- Goals --- Grade retention --- Grade schools --- Graduate --- Graduate diploma --- Groups --- Innovative education --- Interventions --- ITS --- Knowledge --- Learning --- Learning outcomes --- Let --- Literacy --- Math scores --- Math test --- Ministry of education --- Mobility --- National educational programs --- National school --- Number of schools --- Number of students --- Number of teachers --- Online access --- Open access --- Papers --- Pedagogical tools --- Performance in math --- Performance of schools --- Primary education --- Primary schools --- Principals --- Public primary schools --- Public school --- Public school teachers --- Public schools --- Quality education --- Quality of education --- Quality of education services --- Report cards --- Research --- School --- School census --- School directors --- School improvement --- School improvement plan --- School improvement program --- School leaders --- School level --- School performance --- School principals --- School quality --- School size --- School supervision --- School supervisors --- School system --- School teachers --- School year --- Schooling --- Schools --- Science --- Secondary education --- Skills --- Standardized tests --- State education --- Statistics --- Strategies --- Student --- Student achievement --- Student assessment --- Student learning --- Student learning outcomes --- Student mobility --- Student outcomes --- Student performance --- Student population --- Student-Teacher ratio --- Student/teacher ratio --- Students --- Studies --- Study --- Subject areas --- Subjects --- Teacher --- Teacher ratio --- Teacher unions --- Teachers --- Teaching --- Tertiary education --- Test scores --- Tests --- Training --- Tuition --- University --- University degree

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The book provides a rich, informative picture of the current state of student engagement evaluation, while also highlighting challenges and opportunities for future advances. A particular strength of this publication is its emphasis on the importance of taking evidence-based decisions, and showing how the South African Survey of Student Engagement (SASSE) can provide the evidence for well-informed changes in policy and practice in order to enhance student success." - Prof Magda Fourie-Malherbe, Stellenbosch University

Higher & further education, tertiary education --- Academics --- Academic achievement --- Academic advising --- Academic advisors --- Academic challenge --- Academic development --- Academic literacy --- Academic performance --- Academic support --- Access --- Academic staff (also see academics/Lecturers) --- Actionable --- Active learning --- Agency --- Aggregated --- Analyse --- Apply --- Ask questions --- Assessment --- Attitude --- Australasian Survey of Student Engagement (AUSSE) --- Beginning University Survey of Student Engagement (BUSSE) --- Benchmarking --- Bloom’s taxonomy --- Business --- economics and management --- Campus environment --- Capacity --- Career advisors --- Challenges --- Classroom activities --- Classroom Survey of Student Engagement (CLASSE) --- Co-curricular (also see extra-curricular) --- Cognitive --- Cognitive development --- Cognitive educational activities --- Cognitive functions --- Cognitive skills --- Collaborative learning --- Colleges --- Community college --- Comprehensive universities --- Conditional formatting --- Contextual --- Contextual challenges --- Contextualised --- Council on Higher Education (CHE) --- Course (module/subject) --- Critical thinking --- Culture --- Curriculum --- Data --- Data-informed --- Decision-making --- Decolonisation --- Deep learning --- Department chairs (heads of departments) --- Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) --- Development --- Developmental outcomes --- Diagnostic --- Disaggregating --- Discussions --- Discussion with diverse others --- Dropout --- Education outcomes --- Effective educational behaviours --- Effective educational practices --- Effective leadership --- Effective teaching practices --- Empirical --- Engagement – also see Student Engagement --- Engineering --- Equity --- Equitable outcomes --- Evaluate --- Evidence --- Evidence-based --- Expectations --- Expected academic difficulty --- Expected academic perseverance --- Experiential learning --- Experience with staff --- Extended degree --- Extended curricula --- Extra-curricular (also see co-curricular) --- Financial Stress Scale --- First-generation --- First-year --- Food --- Food insecurity --- Frequency --- Freshman myth --- Gender --- Graduate attributes (Learning outcomes) --- Group work --- Heads of departments --- High-Impact practices --- Higher education outcomes --- Higher-Order Learning --- Holistic --- Humanities --- Incentive --- Indicators --- Innovation --- Innovative --- Instructional paradigm --- Interactions --- Interventions --- Institutional culture --- Institutional performance --- Institutional research --- Institutional researchers --- Institution-wide approaches --- Interpersonal relationships --- Interpersonal skills --- Intersectional --- Intersectionality --- Irish Survey of Student Engagement (ISSE) --- Knowledge --- Knowledge society --- Language --- Law --- Leaders --- Leadership (management/university leadership) --- Learning --- Learning environments --- Learning facilitator --- Learning outcomes --- Learning paradigm --- Learning strategies --- Learning with peers --- Lecturer Survey of Student Engagement (LSSE) --- Lecturers (also see academics/academic staff) --- Librarians --- Management (University leaders and Leadership) --- Mathematics --- Memorisation --- Mentor --- Mentoring --- Mentorship --- Mission --- Module (course/subject) --- Motivation --- National Benchmark Tests (NBT) --- National Benchmark Test Project (NBTP) --- National Development Plan --- National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) --- Natural and Agricultural Sciences --- Next Generation of Academics Programme (nGAP) --- Numeracy development --- Off-campus --- On-campus --- Online resources --- Pathways --- Peer learning (also see Tutor) --- Pedagogical approaches --- Pedagogical contexts --- Pedagogical environments --- Pedagogical experiences --- Pedagogical innovation --- Pedagogical practices --- Pedagogical relationship --- Pedagogical responsiveness --- Pedagogies --- Perceived academic preparation --- Perceived preparedness --- Persistence --- Policies --- Policy --- Policy makers --- Practical significance --- Practical work --- Preparing for class --- Professional development --- Professionals --- Professional staff --- Quadrant --- Quality --- Quality assurance --- Quality of interactions --- Quantitative reasoning --- Reflection --- Reflective and integrative learning --- Relationships --- Research --- Responsiveness --- Resources --- Retention --- Science --- engineering and technology --- Self-reflection --- Senior students --- Service learning --- Social sciences --- Socio-economic --- South African Survey(s) of Student Engagement (SASSE) --- Staff development (also academic development and lecturer development) --- Stakeholder --- Strategies --- Statistical --- Student affairs --- Student behaviour --- Student bodies --- Student data --- Student development --- Student engagement --- Student evaluation --- Student financial aid --- Student involvement --- Student learning --- Student life --- Student needs --- Student outcomes --- Student organisations --- Student perspective --- Student participation --- Student performance --- Student persistence --- Student retention --- Student responses --- Student societies --- Student-staff interaction --- Student success --- Student views --- Student voice --- Success rates --- Subject (course/module) --- Support services --- Support staff --- Supportive campus --- Supportive environment --- Synthesise --- Systemic perspective --- Systemic understanding --- Teaching --- Teaching and learning --- Techniques --- Time --- Time management --- Traditional universities --- Transformation --- Transformative --- Transition --- Tutor --- Tutorials --- Undergraduate research --- Underprepared --- United States --- University Capacity Development Grant (University Capacity Development Programme) --- Universities --- Universities of Technology --- University leaders --- Unrealistic --- Well-being