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This paper examines two sources of global knowledge spillovers: foreign direct investments and trade. Empirical evidence demonstrates that foreign direct investment and trade can contribute to overall domestic productivity growth only when the technology gap between domestic and foreign firms is not too large and when a sufficient absorptive capacity is available in domestic firms. The paper proposes the terms research and development and labor quality to capture the innovative and absorptive capacity of the country. The spillover effects in productivity are analyzed using a stochastic frontier approach. This productivity (in terms of total factor productivity) is decomposed using a generalized Malmquist output oriented index, in order to evaluate the specific effect in technical change, technical efficiency change, and scale efficiency change. Using country-level data for 16 Latin American countries for 1996-2006, the empirical analysis shows positive productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment and trade only when the country has absorptive capacity in terms of research and development. Foreign direct investment and trade spillovers are found to be positive and significant for scale efficiency change and total productivity factor change.

E-Business --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Foreign Direct Investment --- International Economics & Trade --- Labor Policies --- Malmquist index --- Public Sector Development --- Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) --- Technical Efficiency

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A l’heure du développement de l’intelligence artificielle, de la dématérialisation de l’économie ou encore de la robotisation toujours plus importante des processus de production, l’éducation est devenue en peu de temps, un domaine d’investissement crucial pour les pouvoirs publics soucieux d’assurer la compétitivité de leur tissu économique évoluant dans un environnement toujours plus concurrentiel. 

L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’utiliser les données de l’enquête PISA 2015 afin de trouver dans un premier temps quels sont les déterminants explicatifs des résultats moyens obtenus par les élèves âgés de 15 ans provenant d’Allemagne, de Belgique, de France et d’Italie. 

Après avoir vérifié la pertinence des variables explicatives grâce aux estimations par la méthode des moindres carrés ordinaires, nous utiliserons le modèle des frontières stochastiques de production afin d’évaluer et de comparer les niveaux d’efficience des pays repris dans notre échantillon.

Efficiency --- Education system --- Stochastic Frontier Analysis --- PISA --- Efficience --- Système éducatif --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Domaines particuliers de l'économie (santé, travail, transport...)

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Increasingly, entrepreneurship is being discussed and considered as a source of high economic growth and competitiveness. A conceptual process of creative construction that characterizes the dynamics between entrants and incumbents can prove quite useful to analyze the impact of countries' entrepreneurship capital on economic performance and can be a guide for economic policy. This paper applies a Stochastic Frontier Analysis approach to test the hypothesis that entrepreneurship capital promotes economic performance by serving as a conduit of knowledge spillovers. In addition, kernel density functions are employed to analyze convergence (or divergence) in the efficiency estimated for individual countries. The empirical evidence and results here tend to support the hypothesis. Specifically, the empirical analysis shows that the rate of expenditure on research and development in relation to new businesses registered has a positive and significant effect in increasing technical efficiency. These factors facilitate the dissemination of existing knowledge, develop entrepreneurship capital, and thus provide the missing link to economic performance-entrepreneurship capital. The authors also show the trends and dynamics of changes in countries' technical efficiency.

Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems --- E-Business --- Economic Theory & Research --- Entrepreneurship Capital --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Knowledge for Development --- Labor Policies --- Private Sector Development --- Stochastic Frontier Analysis (Sfa) --- Technical Efficiency

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This book comprises a collection of empirical and theoretical studies covering a wide range of themes related to bank management, finance and sustainability. Sustainability represents an opportunity for banks as it contributes to improvements in trust in the banking system. However, sustainable business models must be financially viable so that they can have a positive impact on banks’ profitability, stimulating the long-term growth and resilience of the banking industry and overall financial stability.Banks are widely acknowledged as playing a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as they can promote responsible investments and integrate environmental and social criteria into lending and investment strategies. Financial intermediaries can support projects and activities that create a measurable positive economic, social and environmental impact by providing easier access to capital. Furthermore, they can have an active role in improving the financial awareness, inclusion and resilience of the most vulnerable individuals in society.

Coins, banknotes, medals, seals (numismatics) --- firm’s financial performance --- sustainability practices --- Islamic corporate governance --- mobile money --- SMEs --- financial performance --- payments and receipts --- Douala, Cameroon --- human capital --- social capital --- credit availability --- propensity score matching --- China --- risk tolerance --- risk aversion --- risk-taking --- MiFID II --- MiFIR --- suitability assessment --- households --- risky financial assets --- financial institutions --- financial advisory --- portfolio management --- financial constraints --- sustainable development --- ownership structure --- state subsidies --- former communist bloc --- institutional environment --- financial system --- corporate social responsibility --- CSR rating --- bank loan spread --- European syndicated loan market --- content analysis --- ethical banking --- global financial crisis --- hierarchical cluster analysis --- inductive category development --- in-depth interviews --- social banking --- socially responsible investment --- environmental performance --- climate change --- gender diversity --- board of directors --- banking sector --- external support --- environmental practices --- resource efficiency --- sustainable entrepreneurship --- firm size --- financial knowledge --- overconfidence --- underconfidence --- sustainable financial behavior --- financial market participation --- investment fraud --- over-indebtedness --- ethical financial companies --- ESG --- sustainable development goals (SDGs) --- bank efficiency --- bank cost --- stochastic frontier analysis --- stochastic metafrontier analysis --- high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) --- qualitative research --- reference group theory --- socially responsible investing (SRI)

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This book comprises a collection of empirical and theoretical studies covering a wide range of themes related to bank management, finance and sustainability. Sustainability represents an opportunity for banks as it contributes to improvements in trust in the banking system. However, sustainable business models must be financially viable so that they can have a positive impact on banks’ profitability, stimulating the long-term growth and resilience of the banking industry and overall financial stability.Banks are widely acknowledged as playing a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as they can promote responsible investments and integrate environmental and social criteria into lending and investment strategies. Financial intermediaries can support projects and activities that create a measurable positive economic, social and environmental impact by providing easier access to capital. Furthermore, they can have an active role in improving the financial awareness, inclusion and resilience of the most vulnerable individuals in society.

Coins, banknotes, medals, seals (numismatics) --- firm’s financial performance --- sustainability practices --- Islamic corporate governance --- mobile money --- SMEs --- financial performance --- payments and receipts --- Douala, Cameroon --- human capital --- social capital --- credit availability --- propensity score matching --- China --- risk tolerance --- risk aversion --- risk-taking --- MiFID II --- MiFIR --- suitability assessment --- households --- risky financial assets --- financial institutions --- financial advisory --- portfolio management --- financial constraints --- sustainable development --- ownership structure --- state subsidies --- former communist bloc --- institutional environment --- financial system --- corporate social responsibility --- CSR rating --- bank loan spread --- European syndicated loan market --- content analysis --- ethical banking --- global financial crisis --- hierarchical cluster analysis --- inductive category development --- in-depth interviews --- social banking --- socially responsible investment --- environmental performance --- climate change --- gender diversity --- board of directors --- banking sector --- external support --- environmental practices --- resource efficiency --- sustainable entrepreneurship --- firm size --- financial knowledge --- overconfidence --- underconfidence --- sustainable financial behavior --- financial market participation --- investment fraud --- over-indebtedness --- ethical financial companies --- ESG --- sustainable development goals (SDGs) --- bank efficiency --- bank cost --- stochastic frontier analysis --- stochastic metafrontier analysis --- high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) --- qualitative research --- reference group theory --- socially responsible investing (SRI)