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Recent advances in computer methods for analysis and design have been of substantial aid to the designer in the creative process of designing the best (optimum) system. Optimization methods are seen to be at the heart of computer methods for designing engineering systems. With these methods, the designer can evaluate more alternatives, thus resulting in a better and more cost-effective design. The main purpose of this Guide is to describe the use of modern optimization methods with simple yet meaningful structural design samples. It emphasizes the formulation of design problems as optimization problems and includes discussion of the features and pitfalls of the statements of these problems. Optimum solutions are obtained and, where possible, compared with solutions obtained using traditional design procedures. Sample applications demonstrate and clarify the basic concepts and serve to show how and what can be achieved by optimum design methods.

Structural optimization. --- Optimization models --- Structural analysis --- Structural design --- Steel structures --- Steel beams --- Steel columns --- Concrete beams --- Structural reliability --- Optimization models --- Structural analysis --- Structural design --- Steel structures --- Steel beams --- Steel columns --- Concrete beams --- Structural reliability

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Specifications for Structural Steel Beams with Web Openings covers the design of composite and noncomposite beams with web openings. Basic design procedures involve determination of maximum nominal flexural capacity, maximum nominal shear capacity, and interaction of flexure and shear. Section properties are limited to ensure ductile behavior. Rectangular and circular openings, with or without opening reinforcement, are addressed. The specification follows Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) philosophy.

Girders --- Building, Iron and steel. --- Composite construction. --- Load factor design. --- Web beams --- Steel beams --- Webs (structure) --- Steel structures --- Structural steel --- Load and resistance factor design --- Composite beams --- Flexural strength --- Specifications