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Les services de transports publics urbains connaissent une exploitation largement déficitaire dans une majorité de cas. Ceci a conduit les autorités publiques à rechercher des gains d’efficience, en particulier par la participation du secteur privé à l’offre de tels services. Traditionnellement, le subventionnement de tels services vise à procurer une mobilité de base à toutes les catégories de la population, en particulier pour celles défavorisées. Une intervention publique vise également à contrecarrer les tendances naturelles à la concentration et à l’apparition de positions dominantes dans les services de transports publics. Les politiques en matière de transports urbains veillent également de plus en plus à offrir des alternatives à l’usage de la voiture particulière pour combattre la congestion et réduire les émissions de CO2. Construire des réseaux de transports publics cohérents qui soient viables financièrement est un défi pour toutes les autorités publiques. Cette Table Ronde a examiné les expériences d’intégration d’une gestion privée et de capital privé dans des objectifs de politique des transports publics au sein de nombres d’économies développées. A destination des opérateurs de ces réseaux, la Table Ronde a conclu que l’innovation est un élément clef pour faire face à des environnements politiques et réglementaires en mutation rapide.

Electronic books. -- local. --- Transportation and state. --- Urban transportation policy. --- State and transportation --- Transportation --- Transportation policy --- State and urban transportation --- Urban transportation --- Urban transportation and state --- Government policy --- Transportation and state --- Urban policy

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Urban transportation --- Urban transportation policy --- State and urban transportation --- Urban transportation and state --- Transportation and state --- Urban policy --- City transportation --- Metropolitan transportation --- Municipal transportation --- Transportation, Urban --- City planning --- Transportation --- Government policy --- E-books

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There is widespread agreement that in order to bring about sustainable travel in urban areas, flexible, integrated policy packages are needed that send the right signals to urban land use and transport markets. The project on Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies conducted by the ECMT has shown that actually implementing integrated policy packages for sustainable urban travel is easier said than done for a great number of cities in ECMT and OECD countries. While in most countries, urban land use and travel policies are defined and implemented at the local or regional levels, there is growing recognition that national governments can improve chances for implementation of integrated policy packages by providing for a flexible, sectorally integrated policy framework that sends the right messages to regions and cities via policy incentives and project financing. This report examines the ways in which national governments can act as catalysts for sustainable travel practices on a local level.

Urban transportation -- Environmental aspects. --- Urban transportation policy -- Europe. --- Urban transportation policy. --- Urban transportation. --- Urban transportation policy --- Urban transportation --- Business & Economics --- Transportation Economics --- Environmental aspects --- City transportation --- Metropolitan transportation --- Municipal transportation --- Transportation, Urban --- State and urban transportation --- Urban transportation and state --- Government policy --- City planning --- Transportation --- Urban policy --- Transportation and state

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Recent advances in the scientific understanding of urban traffic congestion have only strengthened the already solid case for congestion charges as an element of a successful urban transport policy. But examples of real-world congestion charging systems remain few and far between. What can be done to improve the chances of their more widespread adoption in practice? This report draws lessons from attempts to introduce congestion charges.  Technology is not an obstacle, and technologies should serve policy purposes instead of define them. Charging systems are not cheap and thus should only be used where congestion is severe. Public acceptance is seen to be the key to successful implementation. Although environmental benefits and careful deployment of toll revenues may improve acceptance, a charging system should never lose sight of its principal aim, which is to reduce congestion.

Congestion pricing. --- Traffic congestion -- Economic aspects. --- Urban transportation policy. --- Traffic congestion. --- State and urban transportation --- Urban transportation --- Urban transportation and state --- Transportation and state --- Urban policy --- Congested traffic --- Congestion, Traffic --- Gridlock (Traffic flow) --- Jams, Traffic --- Reduction of traffic congestion --- Traffic jams --- Traffic flow --- Congestion charging --- Congestion fees --- User charges --- Government policy

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The aim of every politician is to transform the city into an environmentally sustainable entity. However, while the planning and organisation of passenger services within cities is commonly perceived as a major issue, freight transport is not given the full attention it deserves. As a general rule, the role which freight transport plays in the economy of cities is simply not understood. What invariably attracts attention, on the other hand, is the added pollution and congestion caused by freight transport. Europe has recently produced a host of new urban development schemes which place more or less severe restrictions on freight movements in cities. While some cities have introduced measures in line with the town planning objectives of territorial development plans, others have adopted short-term solutions to traffic management problems. Since we know that cities are living entities whose vital processes can be disrupted, how can we be sure that all of these measures are a step in the right direction? Our lack of experience makes this a question we would be well advised to consider. The Round Table reviewed the various aspects of freight transport by examining experiences in different countries and by discussing some of the more innovatory approaches adopted.

Transport --- Freight and freightage --- Urban transportation policy --- Business & Economics --- Transportation Economics --- Economic aspects --- State and urban transportation --- Urban transportation --- Urban transportation and state --- Affreightment --- Cargo --- Freight handling --- Transportation --- Government policy --- Freight --- Transportation and state --- Urban policy --- Freight transportation --- Freightage --- Materials handling