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This collection of "es demonstrates the elegant simplicity of Ai Weiwei's thoughts on key aspects of his art, politics, and life. A master at communicating powerful ideas in astonishingly few words, Ai Weiwei is known for his innovative use of social media to disseminate his views. The short "ations presented here have been carefully selected from articles, tweets, and interviews given by this acclaimed Chinese artist and activist. The book is organized into six categories: freedom of expression; art and activism; government, power, and moral choices; the digital world; history, the historical moment, and the future; and personal reflections. Together, these "es span some of the most revealing moments of Ai Weiwei's eventful career--from his risky investigation into student deaths in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake to his arbitrary arrest in 2011--providing a window into the mind of one of the world's most electrifying and courageous contemporary artists. Select Quotes from the Book: On Freedom of Expression "Say what you need to say plainly, and then take responsibility for it." "A small act is worth a million thoughts." "Liberty is about our rights to question everything." On Art and Activism "Everything is art. Everything is politics." "The art always wins. Anything can happen to me, but the art will stay." "Life is art. Art is life. I never separate it. I don't feel that much anger. I equally have a lot of joy." On Government, Power, and Making Moral Choice "Once you've tasted freedom, it stays in your heart and no one can take it. Then, you can be more powerful than a whole country." "I feel powerless all the time, but I regain my energy by making a very small difference that won't cost me much." "Tips on surviving the regime: Respect yourself and speak for others. Do one small thing every day to prove the existence of justice." On the Digital World "Only with the Internet can a peasant I have never met hear my voice and I can learn what's on his mind. A fairy tale has come true." "The Internet is uncontrollable. And if the Internet is uncontrollable, freedom will win. It's as simple as that." "The Internet is the best thing that could have happened to China." On History, the Historical Moment, and the Future "If a nation cannot face its past, it has no future." "We need to get out of the old language." "The world is a sphere, there is no East or West." Personal Reflection "I've never planned any part of my career-- except being an artist. And I was pushed into that corner because I thought being an artist was the only way to have a little freedom." "Anyone fighting for freedom does not want to totally lose their freedom." "Expressing oneself is like a drug. I'm so addicted to it."

ART / Individual Artists / Artists' Books. --- Ai, Weiwei --- Ai, Wei Wei --- Wei Wei, Ai --- 艾未未 --- Weiwei, Ai, --- ai, wei wei --- 2008 Sichuan earthquake. --- Accountability. --- Activism. --- Ai Qing. --- Ai Weiwei. --- Alliance for the Arts. --- Art critic. --- Art world. --- ArtReview. --- Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. --- Arts council. --- Autocracy. --- Beijing. --- Biennale of Sydney. --- Blog. --- Busan Biennale. --- Caochangdi. --- Censorship. --- Chen Guangcheng. --- Chengdu. --- China Institute. --- Chinese art. --- Chinese people. --- Christina Paxson. --- Citizens (Spanish political party). --- Communism. --- Communist revolution. --- Contemporary art gallery. --- Contemporary art. --- Cover-up. --- Criticism. --- Cyberspace. --- Dictatorship. --- Documenta. --- Electricity. --- Feeling. --- Freedom of speech. --- Fuck Off (art exhibition). --- Fundamental rights. --- Generosity. --- Governance. --- Groninger Museum. --- Guangzhou. --- Han dynasty. --- Haus der Kunst. --- Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. --- House arrest. --- Ideology. --- Illustration. --- In This World. --- International community. --- J. Paul Getty Museum. --- Jean-Michel Basquiat. --- Jinhua. --- Laziness. --- Liberty. --- Liu Xiaobo. --- Mori Art Museum. --- My Father. --- Nagoya. --- North Korea. --- On the Boards. --- Open society. --- Party system. --- Performance art. --- Philosophy. --- Photography. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Poster. --- Princeton University Press. --- Princeton University. --- Prostitution. --- Public art. --- Requirement. --- Ruler. --- Salary. --- Self-censorship. --- Seoul. --- Sichuan. --- Somerset House. --- Start to Finish. --- State (polity). --- Stupidity. --- Sunflower Seeds. --- Surveillance. --- Tate Modern. --- Tax. --- Technology. --- Telephone interview. --- Thought. --- Twitter. --- Understanding. --- Venice Biennale of Architecture. --- Venice Biennale. --- Wealth. --- What Happened. --- Writing. --- Yiwu. --- Zhejiang.

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Institutions matter for economic development. Yet despite this accepted wisdom, new institutional economics (NIE) has yet to provide a comprehensive look at what constitutes the institutional foundation of economic development (IFED). Bringing together findings from a range a fields, from development economics and development studies to political science and sociology, this title explores the precise mechanisms through which institutions affect growth. Shiping Tang contends that institutions shape economic development through four 'Big Things': possibility, incentive, capability, and opportunity. From this perspective, IFED has six major dimensions: political hierarchy, property rights, social mobility, redistribution, innovation protection, and equal opportunity. Tang further argues that IFED is only one pillar within the New Development Triangle (NDT).

Economic development. --- Institutional economics. --- Political stability --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Development / Economic Development. --- Economic aspects. --- Aggregate demand. --- Autocracy. --- Basic education. --- Bond Yield. --- Bureau of Economic Analysis. --- Capital accumulation. --- Capital control. --- Capital market. --- Classical economics. --- Consumer behaviour. --- Consumer spending. --- Consumer. --- Consumption (economics). --- Convergence (economics). --- Cost Of Funds. --- Credit default swap. --- Credit risk. --- Currency. --- Current account. --- Democracy and economic growth. --- Derivative (finance). --- Developed country. --- Development economics. --- Economic equilibrium. --- Economic growth. --- Economic history. --- Economic indicator. --- Economic interventionism. --- Economic liberalization. --- Economic nationalism. --- Economic planning. --- Economic policy. --- Economic power. --- Economic recovery. --- Economic sociology. --- Economic surplus. --- Economics. --- Economy. --- Effectiveness. --- Endogeneity (econometrics). --- Entrepreneurship. --- Evolutionary economics. --- Exchange rate. --- Factor endowment. --- Financial inclusion. --- Financial transaction. --- Fiscal capacity. --- GDP deflator. --- Globalization. --- Historical institutionalism. --- Household. --- Human capital. --- Incentive. --- Inclusive growth. --- Income tax. --- Income. --- Innovation. --- Institution. --- Institutional theory. --- Interest rate parity. --- Interest rate. --- International development. --- International trade. --- Investment fund. --- Investment. --- Investor. --- Journal of Political Economy. --- Knowledge economy. --- Labour economics. --- Market economy. --- Market integration. --- Market liquidity. --- Market power. --- Marketplace of ideas. --- Meritocracy. --- Neoclassical economics. --- Neoliberalism. --- Net Investment Income. --- New institutional economics. --- Output (economics). --- Probability theory. --- Production–possibility frontier. --- Public policy. --- Rate of return. --- Saving. --- Social capital. --- Social evolution. --- Social mobility. --- Social science. --- Socioeconomic development. --- State (polity). --- Supply (economics). --- Theoretical Value. --- Welfare economics. --- World Bank Group. --- World Bank. --- World Trade Organization. --- World Values Survey. --- Destabilization (Political science) --- Political instability --- Stability, Political --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Legitimacy of governments --- Economics --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Political stability. --- Economic development --- Institutional economics

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"An up-close account of how Nigerians' self-reliance in the absence of reliable government services enables official dysfunction to strengthen state powerWhen Nigerians say that every household is its own local government, what they mean is that the politicians and state institutions of Africa's richest, most populous country cannot be trusted to ensure even the most basic infrastructure needs of their people. Daniel Jordan Smith traces how innovative entrepreneurs and ordinary citizens in Nigeria have forged their own systems in response to these deficiencies, devising creative solutions in the daily struggle to survive.Drawing on his three decades of experience in Nigeria, Smith examines the many ways Nigerians across multiple social strata develop technologies, businesses, social networks, political strategies, cultural repertoires, and everyday routines to cope with the constant failure of government infrastructure. He describes how Nigerians provide for basic needs like water, electricity, transportation, security, communication, and education-and how their inventiveness comes with consequences. On the surface, it may appear that their self-reliance and sheer hustle render the state irrelevant. In reality, the state is not so much absent as complicit. Smith shows how private efforts to address infrastructural shortcomings require regular engagement with government officials, shaping the experience of citizenship and strengthening state power.Every Household Its Own Government reveals how these dealings have contributed to forms and practices of governance that thrive on official dysfunction and perpetuate the very inequalities and injustices that afflict struggling Nigerians"-- "In Nigeria, Africa's most populous and richest country in terms of per capita GDP, people say that "every household is its own local government." What they mean is that politicians and state institutions have not delivered-and cannot be trusted to ensure-even the most basic infrastructure. Nigeria is a place where, for many people, water must be purchased daily from vendors carting jerrycans filled from boreholes dug in wealthier neighbors' compounds. Small businesses rely on mini-generators for electricity because the national grid supplies power only sporadically. "Public transportation" depends mostly on networks of privately-owned buses and armies of independent motorcycle-taxi drivers. On the surface, it appears that Nigerians' self-reliance render the state irrelevant. In reality, all of these ostensibly private efforts to address infrastructural shortcomings involve regular state-society interaction. These dealings have contributed to forms and practices of state power and everyday citizenship that ironically thrive on official dysfunction and tragically perpetuate the very inequalities and injustices that struggling Nigerians most lament. This book examines the ways that Nigerians across multiple social strata have developed vibrant informal economies-businesses, social networks, political ties, cultural strategies, and daily habits-to cope with the constant failure of government-provided infrastructure. Based on years of ethnographic research-focusing in particular on the case study of Umuahia, a small city in Igbo-speaking southeastern Nigeria-and written in jargon-free prose, each chapter focuses on a different domain: water, electricity, transportation, communication, education, and security. Drawing on a myriad of examples of how ordinary citizens and small-scale entrepreneurs encounter and must deal with government officials, bureaucrats, regulators, and police as they try to cobble together essential infrastructure, Smith ultimately argues that the state is not so much absent as complicit"--

Economic policy. --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- Nigeria --- Apprenticeship. --- Back office. --- Bathroom. --- Borehole. --- Bureaucrat. --- Capitalism. --- Civil service. --- Civil society. --- Collective action. --- Complaint. --- Computer Village. --- Corporate identity. --- Cottage Industry. --- Credit (finance). --- Cronyism. --- Crystal Clear (company). --- Cumulative effects (environment). --- Customer. --- Deputy commissioner. --- Economy. --- Electric power distribution. --- Electricity. --- Entrepreneurship. --- Everyday life. --- Facebook. --- Fuel. --- Governance. --- Government Office. --- Government. --- Grandparent. --- Grassroots. --- Handout. --- Headline. --- Home security. --- Hydroelectricity. --- Income. --- Infrastructure. --- Instance (computer science). --- Internet access. --- Jerrycan. --- John Templeton Foundation. --- Landline. --- Laundry detergent. --- Life expectancy. --- Livelihood. --- Mains electricity. --- Manufacturing. --- Markup (business). --- Mattress. --- Mechanic. --- Memorization. --- Metal gate. --- Military dictatorship. --- Mobile phone. --- Modernity. --- Multinational corporation. --- Municipal authority (Pennsylvania). --- NITEL. --- Nigerians. --- Online banking. --- Owerri. --- Plumbing. --- Police commissioner. --- Preschool. --- Primary school. --- Private school. --- Private university. --- Privatization. --- Public institution (United States). --- Public university. --- Refrigerator. --- Regulation. --- Room and board. --- Ruler. --- Salary. --- School meal. --- Secret society. --- Shelf life. --- Small business. --- Social science. --- Standby generator. --- State (polity). --- State capture. --- State formation. --- State-owned enterprise. --- Subcontractor. --- Subsidy. --- Task force. --- Teacher. --- Tertiary education. --- Their Lives. --- Total fertility rate. --- Traditional authority. --- Tuition payments. --- Uganda. --- Usage. --- Vendor. --- Vodacom. --- Wholesaling. --- Wiring (development platform).

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The first decades of the twentieth century witnessed an explosion of nationalist sentiment in East Asia, as in Europe. This comprehensive work explores how radical Chinese and Japanese thinkers committed to social change in this turbulent era addressed issues concerning national identity, social revolution, and the role of the national state in achieving socio-economic development. Focusing on the adaptation of anarchism and then Marxism-Leninism to non-European contexts, Germaine Hoston shows how Chinese and Japanese theorists attempted to reconcile a relatively new appreciation for the nation-state with their allegiance to a vision of internationalist socialist revolution culminating in stateless socialism. Given the influence of Western experience on Marxism, Chinese and Japanese theorists found the Marxian national question to be not merely one of whether the "working man has no country," but rather the much more fundamental issue of the relative value of Eastern and Western cultures. Marxism, argues Hoston, thus placed native Marxists in tension with their own heritage and national identity. The author traces efforts to resolve this tension throughout the first half of the twentieth century, and concludes by examining how the tension persists, as Chinese and Japanese dissidents seek identity-affirming modernity in accordance with the Western democratic model.

Communism --- Communisme --- China --- Japan --- Chine --- Japon --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- S02/0100 --- -Communism --- -Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- China: General works--China (and Asia) general surveys: before 1949 --- -Politics and government --- -China: General works--China (and Asia) general surveys: before 1949 --- -S02/0100 --- Nihon --- Nippon --- Iapōnia --- Zhāpān --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Yapan --- Japão --- Japam --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Yīpun --- Jih-pen --- Riben --- Government of Japan --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- Politische Identität --- Kommunismus --- Nationalismus --- Nationalbewusstsein. --- Marxismus. --- Japan. --- China. --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Japani --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- Activism. --- Agriculture (Chinese mythology). --- Anarchism. --- Anti-imperialism. --- Antonio Gramsci. --- Asiatic mode of production. --- Backwardness. --- Base and superstructure. --- Bolsheviks. --- Bourgeoisie. --- Buddhism. --- Capitalism. --- Capitalist state. --- Chinese nationalism. --- Class conflict. --- Communism. --- Communist International. --- Communist Party of China. --- Communist revolution. --- Communist society. --- Confucianism. --- Counter-revolutionary. --- Criticism. --- Despotism. --- Dictatorship. --- Feudalism. --- For Marx. --- Hegemony. --- Historical materialism. --- Ideology. --- Imperialism. --- Industrialisation. --- Intellectual. --- Japanese Communist Party. --- Japanese nationalism. --- Karl Kautsky. --- Kokutai. --- Kuomintang. --- Labour movement. --- Left-wing politics. --- Legitimacy (political). --- Leninism. --- Leon Trotsky. --- Li Dazhao. --- Mao Zedong. --- Maoism. --- Marx's theory of the state. --- Marxian economics. --- Marxism. --- Marxism–Leninism. --- Marxist philosophy. --- May Fourth Movement. --- Meiji Restoration. --- Meiji period. --- Mode of production. --- Modernity. --- Narodniks. --- Nation state. --- Nationalism. --- Nationality. --- Nikolai Bukharin. --- Orthodox Marxism. --- Political party. --- Political philosophy. --- Political science. --- Politics. --- Populism. --- Proletarian revolution. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Regime. --- Revolutionary movement. --- Revolutionary socialism. --- Russian Revolution. --- Second International. --- Slavery. --- Social class. --- Social democracy. --- Social revolution. --- Socialism with Chinese characteristics. --- Socialist state. --- Sovereignty. --- Soviet Union. --- Stalinism. --- State (polity). --- State capitalism. --- State socialism. --- Statism. --- Sun Yat-sen. --- The Communist Manifesto. --- Trade union. --- Trotskyism. --- Vanguardism. --- Wars of national liberation. --- Western Europe. --- Western world. --- Withering away of the state. --- World War II. --- World revolution. --- Writing. --- Communism - Asia --- Communism - China --- Communism - Japan --- Japan - Politics and government - 1926-1945 --- China - Politics and government - 1912-1949 --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс --- Nationalbewegung --- Nationalbewusstsein --- Patriotismus --- Marxismus --- Marxismus-Leninismus --- Sozialismus --- Antikommunismus --- Kommunist --- Anarchokommunismus --- Nationale Identität --- Historische Identität --- Identität --- Rotchina --- Zhongguo-Diguo --- Kaiserreich Zhongguo --- Zhonghua-minguo --- Chung-hua-min-kuo --- Zhonghua-Renmin-Gongheguo --- Kaiserreich China --- Shinkoku --- Chung-hua-jen-min-kung-ho-kuo --- Zhonghua --- Volksrepublik China --- Zhonghua renmin gongheguo --- République populaire de Chine --- Kytajsʹkaja Narodnaja Respublika --- Chinese People’s Republic --- Republic of China --- Chung-hua min kuo --- Chinesen --- Taiwan --- Empire du Japon --- Zen-Nihon --- Zenkoku --- Dainihon --- Dainippon --- Japão --- Japaner