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Microbial virulence factors encompass a wide range of molecules produced by pathogenic microorganisms, enhancing their ability to evade their host defenses and cause disease. This broad definition comprises secreted products such as toxins, enzymes, exopolysaccharides, as well as cell surface structures such as capsules, lipopolysaccharides, glyco- and lipoproteins. Intracellular changes in metabolic regulatory networks, governed by protein sensors/regulators and non-coding regulatory RNAs, are also known to contribute to virulence. Furthermore, some secreted microbial products have the ability to enter the host cell and manipulate their machinery, contributing to the success of the infection. The knowledge, at the molecular level, of the biology of microbial pathogens and their virulence factors is central in the development of novel therapeutic molecules and strategies to combat microbial infections. The present collection comprises state of the art research and review papers on virulence factors and mechanisms of a wide range of bacterial and fungal pathogens for humans, animals, and plants, thus reflecting the impact of microorganisms in health and economic human activities, and the importance of the topic.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Aeromonas hydrophila --- LysR-family --- ΔlahS --- global regulator --- virulence --- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum --- SsNsd1 --- compound appressorium --- two-dimensional electrophoresis --- proteomics analysis --- differential expression proteins --- cystic fibrosis --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Burkholderia cepacia complex --- small noncoding regulatory RNAs --- pathogenicity --- usg --- truA --- Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium --- oxidative stress --- intracellular survival --- pathogenomics --- coagulase-negative staphylococci --- virulence factors --- whole genome sequencing --- autotransporter --- covalent labeling --- bacterial surface protein --- SpyCatcher --- topology mapping --- virulence factor --- Candida --- host-pathogen interaction --- biofilm formation --- morphology --- immune evasion --- Trueperella pyogenes --- pyolysin --- infection --- immune response --- Actinomycetales --- Bordetella pertussis --- Hfq --- omics analysis --- T3SS --- serum resistance --- solute-binding proteins --- phytoplasma --- effector protein --- apple --- apple proliferation --- bacteria --- blood–brain barrier --- blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier --- meningitis --- outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) --- Candida albicans --- antimicrobial peptides --- complement --- interspecies interactions --- inter-kingdom protection --- fungicidal activity --- fluconazole --- hyphae --- antimicrobial peptide --- EDTA --- primary ciliary dyskinesia --- anti-virulence --- sputum --- chronic infection --- Enterobacterales --- Klebsiella --- Enterobacter --- Citrobacter --- antibiotic resistance --- biofilm --- SPATEs --- UTIs --- cytotoxicity --- serine proteases --- 5637 bladder cells --- mucin --- gelatin --- actin --- protease Lon --- Dickeya solani --- plant pathogen --- motility --- type III secretion system --- resistance to stress --- lon expression --- pectinolytic enzymes --- gene expression --- manipulation --- inflammation --- persistence --- replicative niche --- actin proteolysis --- metalloproteinases --- protease ECP 32 --- grimelysin --- protealysin --- bacterial invasion --- microbial virulence factors --- bacterial pathogens --- fungal pathogens

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Spying has never been more ubiquitous--or less understood. The world is drowning in spy movies, TV shows, and novels, but universities offer more courses on rock and roll than on the CIA and there are more congressional experts on powdered milk than espionage. This crisis in intelligence education is distorting public opinion, fueling conspiracy theories, and hurting intelligence policy. Amy Zegart separates fact from fiction as she offers an engaging and enlightening account of the past, present, and future of American espionage as it faces a revolution driven by digital technology. Drawing on decades of research and hundreds of interviews with intelligence officials, Zegart provides a history of U.S. espionage, from George Washington's Revolutionary War spies to today's spy satellites; examines how fictional spies are influencing real officials; gives an overview of intelligence basics and life inside America's intelligence agencies; explains the deadly cognitive biases that can mislead analysts; and explores the vexed issues of traitors, covert action, and congressional oversight. Most of all, Zegart describes how technology is empowering new enemies and opportunities, and creating powerful new players, such as private citizens who are successfully tracking nuclear threats using little more than Google Earth. And she shows why cyberspace is, in many ways, the ultimate cloak-and-dagger battleground, where nefarious actors employ deception, subterfuge, and advanced technology for theft, espionage, and information warfare. A fascinating and revealing account of espionage for the digital age, Spies, Lies, and Algorithms is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the reality of spying today. [Provided by publisher]

INTELLIGENCE SERVICE--USA --- CYBER INTELLIGENCE (COMPUTER SECURITY)--USA --- Polemology --- United States --- Intelligence service --- Cyber intelligence (Computer security) --- Terrorism --- Public-private sector cooperation --- Cyber spying --- Cyberintelligence (Computer security) --- Cyberspying --- Intelligence, Cyber (Computer security) --- Computer security --- Government policy --- Abuse of authority. --- Al-Qaeda. --- Assassination. --- Atomic spies. --- Bribery. --- Bureau of Intelligence and Research. --- CIA Counterintelligence. --- Central Intelligence Agency. --- Circumstantial evidence. --- Clandestine HUMINT. --- Clandestine cell system. --- Classified information. --- Computer worm. --- Confirmation bias. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Counter-insurgency. --- Counter-terrorism. --- Counterintelligence. --- Counterterrorism Center. --- Covert operation. --- Cryptanalysis. --- Cryptography. --- Cyber threat intelligence. --- Cyber-attack. --- Demagogue. --- Denial and deception. --- Denial-of-service attack. --- Deterrence theory. --- Director of Central Intelligence. --- Director of National Intelligence. --- Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. --- Disinformation. --- Double agent. --- Drug lord. --- Electoral fraud. --- Encryption. --- Espionage. --- Fabricator (intelligence). --- Fake Claims. --- Generative Adversarial Networks. --- Hacking tool. --- Identity theft. --- Imminent Threat. --- Information asymmetry. --- Information overload. --- Information warfare. --- Insider threat. --- Insurgency. --- Intelligence Authorization Act. --- Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act. --- Intelligence agency. --- Intelligence analysis. --- Intelligence officer. --- Iran–Contra affair. --- Jihadism. --- KGB. --- Lie detection. --- MafiaBoy. --- Malware. --- Mole (espionage). --- Mossad. --- NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–07). --- National Security Archive. --- National security. --- Nuclear warfare. --- On Intelligence. --- Osama bin Laden. --- Palmer Raids. --- Persecution. --- Policy. --- Political corruption. --- Political crime. --- Political repression. --- Rogue state. --- Sabotage. --- Sanctions against Iran. --- Secret Intelligence Service. --- Security agency. --- Sensitive Compartmented Information. --- Smuggling. --- Spy fiction. --- Spycatcher. --- Spymaster. --- State secrets privilege. --- Stuxnet. --- Subversion. --- Targeted killing. --- Terrorism. --- The Shadow Factory. --- Theft. --- Think Secret. --- Top Secret America. --- Trade secret. --- Undercover operation. --- United States Intelligence Community. --- United States State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations. --- Vulnerability (computing). --- Warfare. --- Watergate scandal. --- Weapon of mass destruction. --- Intelligence service - United States --- Terrorism - Government policy - United States --- Public-private sector cooperation - United States --- Cyber intelligence (Computer security) - United States --- United States of America