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Brain tumors comprise about 5–9% of all human neoplasms; and interestingly the central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are ranked among the most prevalent neoplasms of childhood as well. Besides to the morphologic and histopathologic characteristics, and as each pathologic states first starts with molecular alterations, each tumor may have its own story in the matter of activating tumorigenesis pathways and having specific molecular characteristics. Importantly, the molecular classification of tumors has been highly considered in the past few decades for taking the most appropriate therapeutic approach. On the other hand, the tumors shall have tumor-scape mechanisms preventing the immunologic system to eliminate its invasion. The failure of innate and acquired immune system to defeat tumorigenesis mechanisms would consequently result in tumor development. Interestingly, the neuro-immunologic mechanism plays a role in development of psychiatric manifestations of brain tumors as well. Taking all these to account, the different arms of innate immunity, acquired immunity, and genetics have been approached to defeat development and/or progression of such tumors. Accordingly, the activation immunotherapeutic approaches focus on activating or strengthening the anti-tumor immunologic pathways in order to assist the weakened immune system to defeat the tumor (such as Dendritic cell vaccination, DNA vaccines, peptide vaccines, viral vector-based vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and CAR T-cell therapy). In addition to immunologic components of brain and spinal cord tumors, numerous genes and genetic pathways have been recognized to take part in tumorigenesis. Taking these non-immune genetic pathways to account, some other therapeutic approaches such as stem cell therapy and gene therapy have been developed in the new era of cancer treatment. Moreover, and besides the biologic and medical aspects of these tumors, different physical/mathematical models have been proposed to either explain or predict tumor behavior. Such models would be advantageous in developing new therapeutic modalities in pre-clinical stages and enter new eras in cancer treatment. The first book of Human Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors, Neuro-immunology and Neuro-genetics, will mainly discuss the neuro-immunology and neurogenetic pathways associated with development of brain and spinal cord tumor. After a short introduction chapter, this book will focus on the role of innate and acquired immunity on development of these tumors and then the immunotherapeutic approaches to defeat these tumorigenesis mechanisms. This book will then focus on genetic aspects of brain and spinal cord tumors and bioinformatics models to describe the behavioral patterns of these tumors, as well as associated therapeutic approaches such as stem cell therapy and gene therapy. This volume of book could be useful for experts in basic sciences, mainly geneticists and immunologists, and also physicians of different specialties, mainly neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuropathologists and neuroradiologists.

Neuroimmunology. --- Spinal cord --- Wounds and injuries. --- Neuroimmunomodulation --- Immunology --- Neurosciences --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms. --- Brain Neoplasms. --- Nervous System Diseases --- immunology. --- Benign Neoplasms, Brain --- Brain Neoplasm, Primary --- Brain Neoplasms, Benign --- Brain Neoplasms, Malignant --- Brain Neoplasms, Malignant, Primary --- Brain Neoplasms, Primary Malignant --- Brain Tumor, Primary --- Brain Tumor, Recurrent --- Cancer of the Brain --- Intracranial Neoplasms --- Malignant Neoplasms, Brain --- Malignant Primary Brain Neoplasms --- Neoplasms, Brain --- Neoplasms, Brain, Benign --- Neoplasms, Brain, Malignant --- Neoplasms, Brain, Primary --- Primary Brain Neoplasms --- Primary Malignant Brain Neoplasms --- Primary Malignant Brain Tumors --- Brain Cancer --- Brain Metastases --- Brain Tumors --- Cancer of Brain --- Malignant Primary Brain Tumors --- Neoplasms, Intracranial --- Benign Brain Neoplasm --- Benign Brain Neoplasms --- Benign Neoplasm, Brain --- Brain Benign Neoplasm --- Brain Benign Neoplasms --- Brain Cancers --- Brain Malignant Neoplasm --- Brain Malignant Neoplasms --- Brain Metastase --- Brain Neoplasm --- Brain Neoplasm, Benign --- Brain Neoplasm, Malignant --- Brain Neoplasms, Primary --- Brain Tumor --- Brain Tumors, Recurrent --- Cancer, Brain --- Intracranial Neoplasm --- Malignant Brain Neoplasm --- Malignant Brain Neoplasms --- Malignant Neoplasm, Brain --- Neoplasm, Brain --- Neoplasm, Intracranial --- Primary Brain Neoplasm --- Primary Brain Tumor --- Primary Brain Tumors --- Recurrent Brain Tumor --- Recurrent Brain Tumors --- Tumor, Brain --- Intramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Primary --- Neoplasms, Spinal Cord --- Primary Intramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms --- Primary Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Intramedullary --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Benign --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Intradural-Extramedullary --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Intramedullary --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Malignant --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Primary Intramedullary --- Tumors, Spinal Cord --- Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms --- Intramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms --- Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms --- Neoplasm, Spinal Cord --- Spinal Cord Neoplasm --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Intradural Extramedullary --- Spinal Cord Tumor --- Spinal Cord Tumors --- Tumor, Spinal Cord --- Medicine—Research. --- Biology—Research. --- Medical genetics. --- Biomedical Research. --- Medical Genetics. --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Human genetics --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Genetic disorders --- Genetic aspects

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Nervous system --- Peripheral Nervous System Diseases --- Central Nervous System Neoplasms --- Nervous System Neoplasms --- Brain Diseases --- Skull Neoplasms --- Neuroectodermal Tumors --- Spinal Cord Diseases --- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial --- Bone Neoplasms --- Neoplasms by Site --- Neoplasms by Histologic Type --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Neuromuscular Diseases --- Nervous System Diseases --- Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue --- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal --- Neoplasms --- Bone Diseases --- Diseases --- Musculoskeletal Diseases --- Brain Neoplasms --- Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms --- Skull Base Neoplasms --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms --- Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Tumors --- Neuroepithelial Neoplasms --- Neuroepithelial Tumors --- Astroblastoma --- Ependymoastrocytoma --- Gliomatosis Cerebri --- Spongioblastoma, Polar --- Astroblastomas --- Ependymoastrocytomas --- Neoplasm, Neuroepithelial --- Neuroepithelial Neoplasm --- Neuroepithelial Tumor --- Polar Spongioblastoma --- Polar Spongioblastomas --- Spongioblastomas, Polar --- Tumor, Neuroepithelial --- Tumors, Neuroepithelial --- Intramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Primary --- Neoplasms, Spinal Cord --- Primary Intramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms --- Primary Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Intramedullary --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Benign --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Intradural-Extramedullary --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Intramedullary --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Malignant --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Primary Intramedullary --- Tumors, Spinal Cord --- Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms --- Intramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms --- Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms --- Neoplasm, Spinal Cord --- Spinal Cord Neoplasm --- Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Intradural Extramedullary --- Spinal Cord Tumor --- Spinal Cord Tumors --- Tumor, Spinal Cord --- Neoplasms, Skull Base --- Neoplasm, Skull Base --- Skull Base Neoplasm --- Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms --- Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms, Benign --- Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms, Malignant --- Peripheral Nerve Neoplastic Infiltration --- Peripheral Nerve Tumors --- Peripheral Nervous System Benign Neoplasms --- Peripheral Nervous System Malignant Neoplasms --- Neoplasm, Peripheral Nerve --- Neoplasms, Peripheral Nerve --- Nerve Neoplasm, Peripheral --- Nerve Neoplasms, Peripheral --- Nerve Tumor, Peripheral --- Nerve Tumors, Peripheral --- Peripheral Nerve Neoplasm --- Peripheral Nerve Tumor --- Tumor, Peripheral Nerve --- Tumors, Peripheral Nerve --- Benign Neoplasms, Brain --- Brain Neoplasm, Primary --- Brain Neoplasms, Benign --- Brain Neoplasms, Malignant --- Brain Neoplasms, Malignant, Primary --- Brain Neoplasms, Primary Malignant --- Brain Tumor, Primary --- Brain Tumor, Recurrent --- Cancer of the Brain --- Intracranial Neoplasms --- Malignant Neoplasms, Brain --- Malignant Primary Brain Neoplasms --- Neoplasms, Brain --- Neoplasms, Brain, Benign --- Neoplasms, Brain, Malignant --- Neoplasms, Brain, Primary --- Primary Brain Neoplasms --- Primary Malignant Brain Neoplasms --- Primary Malignant Brain Tumors --- Brain Cancer --- Brain Tumors --- Cancer of Brain --- Malignant Primary Brain Tumors --- Neoplasms, Intracranial --- Benign Brain Neoplasm --- Benign Brain Neoplasms --- Benign Neoplasm, Brain --- Brain Benign Neoplasm --- Brain Benign Neoplasms --- Brain Cancers --- Brain Malignant Neoplasm --- Brain Malignant Neoplasms --- Brain Neoplasm --- Brain Neoplasm, Benign --- Brain Neoplasm, Malignant --- Brain Neoplasms, Primary --- Brain Tumor --- Brain Tumors, Primary --- Brain Tumors, Recurrent --- Cancer, Brain --- Cancers, Brain --- Intracranial Neoplasm --- Malignant Brain Neoplasm --- Malignant Brain Neoplasms --- Malignant Neoplasm, Brain --- Neoplasm, Brain --- Neoplasm, Intracranial --- Primary Brain Neoplasm --- Primary Brain Tumor --- Primary Brain Tumors --- Recurrent Brain Tumor --- Recurrent Brain Tumors --- Tumor, Brain --- Tumors, Brain --- Orthopedic Disorders --- Musculoskeletal Disease --- Orthopedic Disorder --- Bone Disease --- Disease, Bone --- Diseases, Bone --- Benign Neoplasms --- Malignancy --- Malignant Neoplasms --- Neoplasia --- Neoplasm --- Neoplasms, Benign --- Cancer --- Benign Neoplasm --- Cancers --- Malignancies --- Malignant Neoplasm --- Neoplasias --- Neoplasm, Benign --- Neoplasm, Malignant --- Neoplasms, Malignant --- Tumor --- Medical Oncology --- Cancer, Embryonal --- Cancer, Embryonal and Mixed --- Embryonal Neoplasms --- Germ Cell Neoplasms --- Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms --- Germ Cell and Embryonic Neoplasms --- Neoplasms, Embryonal --- Neoplasms, Germ Cell --- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonic --- Germ Cell Cancer --- Germ Cell Tumor --- Neoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed --- Cancer, Germ Cell --- Cancers, Embryonal --- Cancers, Germ Cell --- Embryonal Cancer --- Embryonal Cancers --- Embryonal Neoplasm --- Germ Cell Cancers --- Germ Cell Tumors --- Neoplasm, Embryonal --- Tumor, Germ Cell --- Tumors, Germ Cell --- Neoplasms, Nervous Tissue --- Nerve Tissue Neoplasms --- Nervous Tissue Neoplasms --- Neoplasm, Nerve Tissue --- Neoplasm, Nervous Tissue --- Nerve Tissue Neoplasm --- Nervous Tissue Neoplasm --- Nervous System Disorders --- Neurological Disorders --- Neurologic Disorders --- Disease, Nervous System --- Diseases, Nervous System --- Disorder, Nervous System --- Disorder, Neurologic --- Disorder, Neurological --- Disorders, Nervous System --- Disorders, Neurologic --- Disorders, Neurological --- Nervous System Disease --- Nervous System Disorder --- Neurologic Disorder --- Neurological Disorder --- Neurology --- Cramp-Fasciculation Syndrome --- Fasciculation-Cramp Syndrome, Benign --- Foley-Denny-Brown Syndrome --- Oppenheim's Disease --- Amyotonia Congenita --- Oppenheim Disease --- Benign Fasciculation-Cramp Syndrome --- Benign Fasciculation-Cramp Syndromes --- Cramp Fasciculation Syndrome --- Cramp-Fasciculation Syndromes --- Fasciculation Cramp Syndrome, Benign --- Fasciculation-Cramp Syndromes, Benign --- Foley Denny Brown Syndrome --- Neuromuscular Disease --- Oppenheims Disease --- Syndrome, Cramp-Fasciculation --- Syndrome, Foley-Denny-Brown --- Syndromes, Cramp-Fasciculation --- CNS Diseases --- Central Nervous System Disorders --- CNS Disease --- Histological Type of Neoplasm --- Histological Types of Neoplasms --- Neoplasms by Histological Type --- Neoplasm Histological Type --- Neoplasm Histological Types --- Neoplasms Histological Type --- Neoplasms Histological Types --- Neoplasms by Sites --- Site, Neoplasm --- Sites, Neoplasm --- Neoplasm Site --- Neoplasm Sites --- Cancer of the Bone --- Neoplasms, Bone --- Bone Cancer --- Cancer of Bone --- Bone Neoplasm --- Neoplasm, Bone --- Epithelial Neoplasms --- Glandular Neoplasms --- Glandular and Epithelial Neoplasms --- Neoplasms, Epithelial --- Neoplasms, Glandular --- Neoplasms, Glandular Epithelial --- Epithelial Neoplasm --- Epithelial Neoplasm, Glandular --- Epithelial Neoplasms, Glandular --- Glandular Epithelial Neoplasm --- Glandular Epithelial Neoplasms --- Glandular Neoplasm --- Neoplasm, Epithelial --- Neoplasm, Glandular --- Neoplasm, Glandular Epithelial --- Spinal Cord Disorders --- Myelopathy --- Myelopathies --- Spinal Cord Disease --- Spinal Cord Disorder --- Neuroectodermal Tumor --- Tumor, Neuroectodermal --- Tumors, Neuroectodermal --- Neoplasms, Skull --- Neoplasm, Skull --- Skull Neoplasm --- Brain Disorders --- CNS Disorders, Intracranial --- Central Nervous System Disorders, Intracranial --- Central Nervous System Intracranial Disorders --- Encephalon Diseases --- Encephalopathy --- Intracranial CNS Disorders --- Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorders --- Brain Disease --- Brain Disorder --- CNS Disorder, Intracranial --- Encephalon Disease --- Encephalopathies --- Intracranial CNS Disorder --- Nervous System Tumors --- Tumors of the Nervous System --- Neoplasms, Nervous System --- Neoplasm, Nervous System --- Nervous System Neoplasm --- Nervous System Tumor --- Tumor, Nervous System --- Tumors, Nervous System --- Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Primary --- Central Nervous System Tumors --- Primary Central Nervous System Neoplasms --- Tumors, Central Nervous System --- CNS Neoplasms --- Neoplasms, Central Nervous System --- CNS Neoplasm --- Neoplasm, CNS --- Neoplasms, CNS --- PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) Diseases --- PNS Diseases --- Peripheral Nervous System Disease --- Peripheral Nervous System Disorders --- Peripheral Nerve Diseases --- Peripheral Neuropathies --- Nerve Disease, Peripheral --- Nerve Diseases, Peripheral --- Neuropathy, Peripheral --- PNS Disease --- Peripheral Nerve Disease --- Peripheral Neuropathy --- Brain Metastases --- Brain Metastase --- Central Nervous System Disease --- Central Nervous System Disorder --- Central Nervous System Neoplasm --- Central Nervous System Tumor --- Primary Central Nervous System Neoplasm --- Epithelial Cell Neoplasms --- Glandular Cell Neoplasms --- Cell Neoplasm, Epithelial --- Cell Neoplasm, Glandular --- Cell Neoplasms, Epithelial --- Epithelial Cell Neoplasm --- Glandular Cell Neoplasm --- Neoplasm, Epithelial Cell --- Neoplasm, Glandular Cell