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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- biodiversity --- Antarctica --- global change --- eco-evo --- spatial scale --- temporal scale --- biodiversity --- Antarctica --- global change --- eco-evo --- spatial scale --- temporal scale

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Water resources are the most valuable resources of sustainable socio-economic development, which is significantly affected by climate change and human activities. Water resources assessment is an urgent need for implementation of the perfect water resources management, but it is difficult to accurately evaluate the quantity and quality of water resources, especially in arid regions and high-altitude regions with sparse gauged data. This book hosts 24 papers devoted to remote sensing in hydrology and water resources management, which summarizes the recent advancement in remote sensing technology for hydrology analysis such as satellite remote sensing for water resources management, water quality monitoring and evaluation using remote sensing data, remote sensing for detecting the global impact of climate extremes, the use of remote sensing data for improved calibration of hydrological models, and so on. In general, the book will contribute to promote the application of remote sensing technology in water resources.

Research & information: general --- precipitation datasets --- evaluation --- spatial scale --- temporal scale --- climate --- Yellow River Basin --- data assimilation --- WRF --- WRFDA --- 3DVar --- water levels --- surface areas --- volume variations --- hypsometry --- bathymetry --- lakes --- reservoirs --- remote sensing --- DAHITI --- modified strahler approach --- airborne LiDAR --- DEM --- flood inundation --- flood map --- flood model --- LiDAR --- terrestrial LiDAR --- evapotranspiration --- variability --- uncertainty --- unmanned aerial system --- sUAS --- multispectral --- viticulture --- water resources management --- California --- lake --- Tibetan Plateau --- hydrological changes --- water balance --- Chindwin basin --- hydrological modelling --- multi-variable calibration --- satellite-based rainfall product --- TRMM --- temporal resolution --- rainfall erosivity --- combined approach --- multi-objective optimization --- modeling uncertainty --- model constraint --- SWAT --- semiarid area --- hydrological variations --- normalized difference vegetation index --- total water storage change --- groundwater change --- extreme precipitation --- estimation --- TMPA 3B42-V7 --- regional frequency analysis --- China --- satellite datasets --- accuracy evaluation --- hydrological applicability --- Bosten Lake Basin --- actual evapotranspiration --- available water resources --- climate change --- vegetation greening --- VIP-RS model --- Lancang-Mekong river basin --- MSWEP --- AgMERRA --- APHRODITE --- CHIRPS --- PERSIANN --- error correction --- agricultural water management --- crop water consumption --- remote sensing model --- evapotranspiration allocation --- inland water --- IWCT --- Tianjin --- Landsat data --- Tarim River Basin --- desert-oasis ecotone --- land-use change --- CA-Markov model --- remote sensing in hydrology --- precipitation --- performance evaluation --- GPM --- Poyang Lake --- Yangtze River --- assimilation --- nonparametric modeling --- multi-source --- landscape pattern --- spatiotemporal changes --- influencing factors --- watershed --- China SE --- satellite data --- LUE-GPP --- SPEI --- copula function --- conditional probability --- soil moisture --- neural network --- downscaling --- microwave data --- MODIS data --- precipitation datasets --- evaluation --- spatial scale --- temporal scale --- climate --- Yellow River Basin --- data assimilation --- WRF --- WRFDA --- 3DVar --- water levels --- surface areas --- volume variations --- hypsometry --- bathymetry --- lakes --- reservoirs --- remote sensing --- DAHITI --- modified strahler approach --- airborne LiDAR --- DEM --- flood inundation --- flood map --- flood model --- LiDAR --- terrestrial LiDAR --- evapotranspiration --- variability --- uncertainty --- unmanned aerial system --- sUAS --- multispectral --- viticulture --- water resources management --- California --- lake --- Tibetan Plateau --- hydrological changes --- water balance --- Chindwin basin --- hydrological modelling --- multi-variable calibration --- satellite-based rainfall product --- TRMM --- temporal resolution --- rainfall erosivity --- combined approach --- multi-objective optimization --- modeling uncertainty --- model constraint --- SWAT --- semiarid area --- hydrological variations --- normalized difference vegetation index --- total water storage change --- groundwater change --- extreme precipitation --- estimation --- TMPA 3B42-V7 --- regional frequency analysis --- China --- satellite datasets --- accuracy evaluation --- hydrological applicability --- Bosten Lake Basin --- actual evapotranspiration --- available water resources --- climate change --- vegetation greening --- VIP-RS model --- Lancang-Mekong river basin --- MSWEP --- AgMERRA --- APHRODITE --- CHIRPS --- PERSIANN --- error correction --- agricultural water management --- crop water consumption --- remote sensing model --- evapotranspiration allocation --- inland water --- IWCT --- Tianjin --- Landsat data --- Tarim River Basin --- desert-oasis ecotone --- land-use change --- CA-Markov model --- remote sensing in hydrology --- precipitation --- performance evaluation --- GPM --- Poyang Lake --- Yangtze River --- assimilation --- nonparametric modeling --- multi-source --- landscape pattern --- spatiotemporal changes --- influencing factors --- watershed --- China SE --- satellite data --- LUE-GPP --- SPEI --- copula function --- conditional probability --- soil moisture --- neural network --- downscaling --- microwave data --- MODIS data

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The essential introduction to magnetic reconnection—written by a leading pioneer of the fieldPlasmas comprise more than 99 percent of the visible universe; and, wherever plasmas are, magnetic reconnection occurs. In this common and yet incompletely understood physical process, oppositely directed magnetic fields in a plasma meet, break, and then reconnect, converting the huge amounts of energy stored in magnetic fields into kinetic and thermal energy. In Magnetic Reconnection, Masaaki Yamada offers an illuminating synthesis of modern research and advances on this important topic. Magnetic reconnection produces such phenomena as solar flares and the northern lights, and occurs in nuclear fusion devices. A better understanding of this crucial cosmic activity is essential to comprehending the universe and varied technological applications, such as satellite communications. Most of our knowledge of magnetic reconnection comes from theoretical and computational models and laboratory experiments, but space missions launched in recent years have added up-close observation and measurements to researchers’ tools. Describing the fundamental physics of magnetic reconnection, Yamada connects the theory with the latest results from laboratory experiments and space-based observations, including the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) and the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission. He concludes by considering outstanding problems and laying out a road map for future research.Aimed at advanced graduate students and researchers in plasma astrophysics, solar physics, and space physics, Magnetic Reconnection provides cutting-edge information vital area of scientific investigation.

Magnetic reconnection. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Magnetism. --- Acceleration. --- Accretion disk. --- Ampere. --- Annihilation. --- Astrophysical plasma. --- Astrophysics. --- Bremsstrahlung. --- Collision frequency. --- Collisionality. --- Coronal loop. --- Coronal mass ejection. --- Coulomb collision. --- Current density. --- Current sheet. --- Cyclotron. --- Debye length. --- Diffusion layer. --- Dissipation. --- Drift velocity. --- Dynamo theory. --- Electric field. --- Electrical resistivity and conductivity. --- Electron temperature. --- Electrostatics. --- Energy transformation. --- Experimental physics. --- Fermi acceleration. --- Feynman diagram. --- Field effect (semiconductor). --- Field line. --- Fine structure. --- Flux tube. --- Fusion power. --- Gauge theory. --- Gyroradius. --- Hall effect. --- Inductance. --- Induction equation. --- Instability. --- Interferometry. --- Ion acoustic wave. --- Ionization. --- Kinetic theory of gases. --- Kink instability. --- Landau damping. --- Langmuir probe. --- Length scale. --- Lorentz force. --- Madison Symmetric Torus. --- Magnetar. --- Magnetic confinement fusion. --- Magnetic diffusivity. --- Magnetic dipole. --- Magnetic energy. --- Magnetic field. --- Magnetic flux. --- Magnetic helicity. --- Magnetization. --- Magnetohydrodynamics. --- Magnetopause. --- Magnetosheath. --- Magnetosonic wave. --- Magnetosphere. --- Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. --- Mean free path. --- Momentum transfer. --- Neutral beam injection. --- Nonlinear optics. --- Nuclear fusion. --- Paramagnetism. --- Particle physics. --- Pitch angle (particle motion). --- Plasma (physics). --- Plasma acceleration. --- Plasma oscillation. --- Plasma parameter. --- Plasma parameters. --- Plasma stability. --- Plasmoid. --- Quadrupole. --- Relativistic plasma. --- Reversed field pinch. --- Safety factor (plasma physics). --- Scattering. --- Skin effect. --- Solar flare. --- Spacecraft. --- Spatial scale. --- Spheromak. --- Stark effect. --- Substorm. --- Synchrotron radiation. --- Thermodynamic equilibrium. --- Thomson scattering. --- Tokamak. --- Two-dimensional space. --- Van Allen radiation belt. --- Weibel instability. --- X-ray. --- Annihilation, Magnetic field --- Magnetic field annihilation --- Magnetic field line merging --- Merging, Magnetic field line --- Reconnection, Magnetic --- Reconnection (Astronomy) --- Astrophysics --- Geophysics --- Magnetic fields

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Water resources are the most valuable resources of sustainable socio-economic development, which is significantly affected by climate change and human activities. Water resources assessment is an urgent need for implementation of the perfect water resources management, but it is difficult to accurately evaluate the quantity and quality of water resources, especially in arid regions and high-altitude regions with sparse gauged data. This book hosts 24 papers devoted to remote sensing in hydrology and water resources management, which summarizes the recent advancement in remote sensing technology for hydrology analysis such as satellite remote sensing for water resources management, water quality monitoring and evaluation using remote sensing data, remote sensing for detecting the global impact of climate extremes, the use of remote sensing data for improved calibration of hydrological models, and so on. In general, the book will contribute to promote the application of remote sensing technology in water resources.

precipitation datasets --- evaluation --- spatial scale --- temporal scale --- climate --- Yellow River Basin --- data assimilation --- WRF --- WRFDA --- 3DVar --- water levels --- surface areas --- volume variations --- hypsometry --- bathymetry --- lakes --- reservoirs --- remote sensing --- DAHITI --- modified strahler approach --- airborne LiDAR --- DEM --- flood inundation --- flood map --- flood model --- LiDAR --- terrestrial LiDAR --- evapotranspiration --- variability --- uncertainty --- unmanned aerial system --- sUAS --- multispectral --- viticulture --- water resources management --- California --- lake --- Tibetan Plateau --- hydrological changes --- water balance --- Chindwin basin --- hydrological modelling --- multi-variable calibration --- satellite-based rainfall product --- TRMM --- temporal resolution --- rainfall erosivity --- combined approach --- multi-objective optimization --- modeling uncertainty --- model constraint --- SWAT --- semiarid area --- hydrological variations --- normalized difference vegetation index --- total water storage change --- groundwater change --- extreme precipitation --- estimation --- TMPA 3B42-V7 --- regional frequency analysis --- China --- satellite datasets --- accuracy evaluation --- hydrological applicability --- Bosten Lake Basin --- actual evapotranspiration --- available water resources --- climate change --- vegetation greening --- VIP-RS model --- Lancang-Mekong river basin --- MSWEP --- AgMERRA --- APHRODITE --- CHIRPS --- PERSIANN --- error correction --- agricultural water management --- crop water consumption --- remote sensing model --- evapotranspiration allocation --- inland water --- IWCT --- Tianjin --- Landsat data --- Tarim River Basin --- desert-oasis ecotone --- land-use change --- CA-Markov model --- remote sensing in hydrology --- precipitation --- performance evaluation --- GPM --- Poyang Lake --- Yangtze River --- assimilation --- nonparametric modeling --- multi-source --- n/a --- landscape pattern --- spatiotemporal changes --- influencing factors --- watershed --- China SE --- satellite data --- LUE-GPP --- SPEI --- copula function --- conditional probability --- soil moisture --- neural network --- downscaling --- microwave data --- MODIS data