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This paper estimates the welfare gains from upgrading several major regional corridors in West Africa. It uses a quantitative economic geography framework with trade within and across countries and mobility of people within countries to assess the economic impacts of the reduction in trade costs from road and border infrastructure investments. The findings show that the upgrade of Dakar-Lagos regional road corridor brings sizable economic benefits relative to investment costs, with a benefit-cost ratio estimated around 3. The economic benefits of road corridor upgrades are doubled and more widely spread when combined with measures to reduce current massive border delays. The benefits are negligible for Nigeria, but large for small fragile states (Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, and Sierra Leone). The gains are highest for corridors connecting large economies, and smaller and more fragile countries gain proportionally more from accessing larger markets. Finally, regional investments, including border time reduction policies, will reduce spatial inequality in the whole region but might increase inequality in some countries.
Economic Geography --- International Economics and Trade --- International Trade and Trade Rules --- Regional Corridor --- Roads and Highways --- Spatial General Equilibrium --- Trade and Regional Integration --- Trade Facilitation --- Transport --- Transport and Trade Logistics --- Transport Infrastructure
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This paper studies the effects of removing transport and trade barriers between Bangladesh and India on aggregate real income and the distribution of population and real income within both countries. The paper uses a spatial general equilibrium model calibrated to these two economies, along with road network travel time calculated using GPS data, to measure changes in economic outcomes given changes in trade costs across regions. The paper focuses on the Motor Vehicles Agreement between Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal and full transport and trade integration between Bangladesh and India. The counterfactual exercises show that decreasing transport and trade barriers between Bangladesh and India can lead to up to a 7.6 percent increase in national real income for India and a 16.6 percent increase for Bangladesh.
Agglomeration Economies --- Cross-Border Trade --- Economic Integration --- International Economics and Trade --- International Trade and Trade Rules --- Regional Integration --- Spatial General Equilibrium --- Trade And Geography --- Trade and Regional Integration --- Trade and Services --- Trade and Transport --- Trade Corridor --- Transport --- Transport and Trade Logistics
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