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Aim : Erythrophleum species and gene pools, despite being morphologically similar, oc-
cupy contrasted habitats. The aim of this work is to determine if Erythrophleum species
and gene pools respond differently to shade and drought, to understand the underlying
mechanisms that explain these differences by measuring traits on control seedlings, and
finally to understand if these differences can explain their distribution patterns.
Location : Industrial site of Pallisco-CIFM in Mindourou, Cameroon, and two zones
in southern (Dja-and-Lobo department) and central Cameroon (Mba-and-Kim depart-
ment).
Methods : The work consisted of an in situ and a drought and shade experiment. Dur-
ing the in situ experiment, two zones where species or gene pools are coexisting were
sampled. During the drought/shade experiment, two modalities of drought (watered or
non watered) and two modality of light (low light and hight light) were tested on 190
seedlings from two species and six gene pools to compare their response to stress. At the
end of the experiment, functional traits were measured on 56 control seedlings.
Results : Allometric models have been calculated and phenophases compared for field
individuals sampled in the field of two gene pools. Differences of phenophases and crown
shape have been highlighted. No clear difference between species and gene pools were
observed experimentally in seedling survival and response to drought and shade. Differ-
ences of functional traits have been found between species and gene pools, suaW having
more drought-adapted traits than any other pool.
Main conclusions : Dry forests gene pools had more drought tolerant traits than pools
found in wetter forests, but did not show more resistance to drought or more sensitivity
to shade in the drought/shade experiment. A difference exist but is thin because of
the morphological proximity of the pools and species, supporting the ecological gradient
hypothesis.

Tropical forests, Central Africa, Cameroon, Erythrophleum, ecological specialisation, trade-offs, gene pools, functional traits, allometry, diversification, stress tolerance --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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Increasing fragmentation of production across borders is changing the nature of international competition. As a result, conventional indicators of competitiveness based on gross exports are becoming less informative and new measures are needed. This paper proposes an ex-post accounting framework of the value added and workers that are directly and indirectly related to the production of final manufacturing goods. The framework focuses on manufactures global value chain income and manufactures global value chain jobs. The paper outlines these concepts and provides trends in European countries based on a recent multi-sector, input-output model of the world economy. The analysis finds that since 1995, revealed comparative advantage of the European Union 27 is shifting to activities related to the production of nonelectrical machinery and transport equipment. The workers involved in manufactures global value chains are increasingly in services, rather than manufacturing industries. The analysis also finds a strong shift toward activities carried out by high-skilled workers, highlighting the uneven distributional effects of fragmentation. The results show that a global value chain perspective is needed to inform the policy debates on competitiveness.

Competitiveness --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Fragmentation --- General Manufacturing --- Global Value Chains --- Industry --- Labor Policies --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Markets & Market Access --- Private Sector Development --- Social Protections and Labor --- Specialisation

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Certains systèmes agroalimentaires localisés (Syal) semblent tout à la fois constituer une réponse à la vague de mondialisation et ouvrir des pistes pour affronter les enjeux d'un développement (plus) durable. Ils participent en effet à une dynamique socio-économique locale, valorisent des ressources naturelles tout en les préservant, ou offrent des produits ayant une forte « densité culturelle ». Mais d'où les Syal tiennent-ils ces propriétés ? Vaste question que cet ouvrage explore sous l'angle original des relations entre le changement technique et l'ancrage territorial des activités productives.De la mise en valeur de la race bovine d'Aubrac dans les années 1960 jusqu'au questionnement des modèles techniques de production de légumes dans les Pyrénées-Orientales, en passant par la relance du safran dans le Quercy, la qualification des fromages corses ou du fromage de Cotija des rancheros mexicains, les auteurs analysent de multiples expériences qui dessinent les voies de futurs possibles. Cet ouvrage s'adresse à un public de chercheurs et d'enseignants aussi bien que de responsables politiques ou associatifs, d'animateurs territoriaux et de praticiens du développement.

Agricultural industries --- Sustainable development --- Industries agricoles --- Développement durable --- Produit végétal --- Plant products --- Produit végétal transformé --- Processed plant products --- Produit animal --- Animal products --- Localisation des productions --- production location --- Diversification --- Facteur de production --- production factors --- Géographie économique --- Economic geography --- Politique de la production --- Production policies --- Spécialisation --- Production specialization --- Environnement socioculturel --- sociocultural environment --- Environnement socioéconomique --- socioeconomic environment --- France --- Argentina --- Brazil --- Développement durable --- Food supply. --- Food supply --- Food industry and trade. --- International cooperation.

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DROIT EUROPEEN DE LA CONCURRENCE --- RECHERCHE ET DEVELOPPEMENT --- LIBRE CIRCULATION DES MARCHANDISES --- DROIT EUROPEEN DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT --- CONVENTION EUROPEENNE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME (CEDH) --- ARTICLES 81, 82 ET 86 DU TRAITE DE ROME --- GENERALITES / DEFINITIONS --- ACCORD DE COOPERATION --- CARTELS --- UNION EUROPEENNE --- CONTRAT DE DISTRIBUTION --- AIDE D'ETAT --- ABUS DE POSITION DOMINANTE --- AGENCE --- FRANCHISE --- TRANSFERT DE TECHNOLOGIES --- ACCORD DE SPECIALISATION --- JOINT VENTURE --- SERVICES D'INTERET GENERAL --- PROCEDURE --- ANTI-DUMPING --- POLITIQUE COMMERCIALE --- FUSIONS ET ACQUISITIONS --- CHARBON ET ACIER

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The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9781315401867, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. This book brings together academics, members of European institutions, and regional and national level policymakers in order to assess the performance and direction of EU Cohesion policy against the background of the most significant reforms to the policy in a generation. Responding to past criticisms of the effectiveness of the policy, the policy changes introduced in 2013 have aligned European Structural and Investment Funds with the Europe 2020 strategy and introduced measures to improve strategic coherence, performance and integrated development. EU Cohesion Policy: Reassessing performance and direction argues that policy can only be successfully developed and implemented if there is input from both academics and practitioners. The chapters in the book address four important issues: the effectiveness and impact of Cohesion policy at European, national and regional levels; the contribution of Cohesion policy to the Europe 2020 strategy of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth; the importance of quality of government and administrative capacity for the effective management of the Funds; and the inter-relationships between institutions, territory and place-based policies. The volume will be an invaluable resource to students, academics and policymakers across economics, regional studies, European studies and international relations.

Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Regional planning --- European Union countries --- Economic integration. --- Regional disparities. --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- EU --- Cohesion --- Policy --- Economics --- Regional Studies Association --- RSA --- Development --- Policy Makers --- Growth --- Poland --- Latvia --- Diversity --- Smart Specialisation --- Unemployment --- Iain Begg --- David Charles --- Laura Polverari --- Riccardo Crescenzi --- Mara Giua --- Grzegorz Gorzelak --- Jerzy Pieńkowski --- Peter Berkowitz --- Nicola Pontarollo --- Piotr Rosik --- Marcin Stępniak --- Tomasz Komornicki --- Aleksandrs Dahs --- Henning Kroll --- Elizabeth Sanderson --- Peter Wells --- Ian Wilson --- Leaza McSorley --- Jim Campbell --- Jale Tosun --- Stefan Speckesser --- Carsten Jensen --- Jacqueline O'Reilly --- Neculai-Cristian Surubaru --- Mih Fazekas --- IstvJs Tth --- Andrey Demidov --- Gergő Medve-Bnt --- Septimiu-Rares Szabo --- Ugo Fratesi --- Giovanni Perucca --- Liga Baltiņa --- Tatjana Muravska --- IvTosics --- Jacek Zaucha