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Natural history. --- Sozialverhalten. --- Tiere. --- Zoology.

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But denied access to productive land and sensing an extraordinary economic opportunity to serve the economic interests of the Africans and European settlers, they turned to business--to importing and exporting, retailing and wholesaling, building and contracting, moneylending, road transport, and eventually manufacturing. Despite severe forms of racial discrimination in the colonial society, they suffered few restrictions on their business enterprise. Emphasizing industry, thrift, and education, they prospered, and some became very wealthy. Asian participation in the development of East Africa is usually assessed in economic terms, but as Gregory's historical analysis shows, philanthropy was an important contribution, one that stemmed from deep roots in Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist culture. Initially, it took the form of providing for the needs of Asians, but soon branched out to aid Europeans, Africans, and Arabs in areas that were inadequately served by the state. Most modern scholarship on philanthropy in the non-Western world has traced its origins to European initiatives or has concentrated on the contributions of American foundations and international agencies. In The Rise and Fall of Philanthropy in East Africa, Robert G. Gregory challenges the apparent assumption that non-Western peoples lack a significant indigenous philanthropic culture. Focusing on the large South Asian community in East Africa, he relates how, over a century, they built a philanthropic culture of great magnitude, and how it finally collapsed under the ascendency of increasing state regulation and policies directed against non-African communities. Compelled by poverty in their homeland to seek improvement overseas, most of these people arrived in East Africa with scarcely any savings. Most were peasant farmers. The sense of nonracial social responsibility cultivated by Asians was backed by an effective methodology for its implementation. Among its tangible results were the creation of social, medical, and educational facilities designed for all without distinction of race or creed and communal support for literature and the arts. Gregory shows that the age of philanthropy in East Asia, nearly a century in length, terminated with the Asian exodus. The socialist and racial policies adopted by East African governments over the past three decades have virtually destroyed the foundation necessary for philanthropy as well as the distinct Asian cultural identity. At a time when disease, malnutrition, and ethnic and social inequality continue to plague Africa and much of the Third World, Gregory's account of the East Asians and the role of philanthropy deserves great attention and sober reflection.

Charities --- Charities. --- East Indians --- East Indians. --- Geschichte. --- Sozialverhalten. --- Wohltätigkeit. --- History --- 1900-1999. --- Africa, East. --- Asiaten. --- Ostafrika.

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Social sciences --- Biophysics. --- Social psychology. --- Biology. --- Mathematics. --- Psychology, Social. --- Biophysique. --- Psychologie sociale. --- Biologie. --- Mathématiques. --- social psychology. --- biology. --- applied mathematics. --- mathematics. --- Biomathematik. --- Sozialverhalten. --- Methodology.

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This is a book about the multi-faceted notion of gender. Gender differences form the basis for family life, patterns of socialization, distribution of tasks, and spheres of responsibilities. The way gender is articulated shapes the world of individuals, and of the societies they live in. Gender has three faces: Linguistic Gender-the original sense of 'gender'-is a feature of many languages and reflects the division of nouns into grammatical classes or genders (feminine, masculine, neuter, and so on); Natural Gender, or sex, refers to the division of animates into males and females; and Social Gender reflects the social implications and norms of being a man or a woman (or perhaps something else). Women and men may talk and behave differently, depending on conventions within the societies they live in, and their role in language maintenance can also vary. The book focuses on how gender in its many guises is reflected in human languages, how it features in myths and metaphors, and the role it plays in human cognition. Examples are drawn from all over the world, with a special focus on Aikhenvald's extensive fieldwork in Amazonia and New Guinea.

Psycholinguistics --- Sociolinguistique --- Langage --- Différences entre sexes --- Sociolinguistique. --- Différences entre sexes. --- Genus. --- Geschlecht. --- Geschlechterrolle. --- Geschlechtsidentität. --- Kognition. --- Language and languages --- Language and sex. --- Sociolinguistics. --- Sozialverhalten. --- Sprache. --- Sex differences. --- Language and sex --- Sociolinguistics --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Language and culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Sexism in language --- Sex and language --- Sex --- Sex differences --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects

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Comportement social --- Internet --- Sociaal gedrag --- Интернет --- internet --- internetas --- idirlíon --- internets --- интернет --- webb --- an tIdirlíon --- tīmeklis --- veeb --- faqe web --- světová počítačová síť --- svjetska računalna mreža --- web --- međumrežje --- www --- világháló --- social behaviour --- κοινωνική συμπεριφορά --- zachowanie społeczne --- comportament social --- socialinis elgesys --- Sozialverhalten --- sociālā uzvedība --- општествено однесување --- társadalmi viselkedés --- социално поведение --- social adfærd --- sjellje sociale --- imġiba soċjali --- socialno vedenje --- socialt beteende --- sociálne správanie --- sosiaalinen käyttäytyminen --- sotsiaalne käitumine --- друштвено понашање --- comportamento sociale --- društveno ponašanje --- comportamiento social --- sociaal gedrag --- sociální chování --- comportamento social --- антисоцијално однесување --- социјално однесување --- társadalmi magatartás --- asociaal gedrag --- општествени норми на однесување --- Idirlíon --- iompraíocht shóisialta