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Vázquez de Menchaca, Fernando --- Sovereignty --- Natural law --- History. --- Sovereignty - History. --- Natural law - History.

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Il est habituel de présenter Jean-Jacques Rousseau comme le " père ", de la Révolution française, plus particulièrement comme l'inspirateur des Jacobins. Les relations entretenues par ceux-ci avec le philosophe ont cependant été examinées sous un angle plus philosophique que juridique. La présente étude tente de remédier à cette carence. Rousseau et les Jacobins sont d'accord sur un mot d'ordre : la souveraineté appartient au peuple. On s'aperçoit cependant que les termes " peuple et " souveraineté " reçoivent des acceptions très différentes. Ces divergences apparaissent nettement en matière d'exercice de la souveraineté : les Jacobins se rallient en masse au principe représentatif, lequel était pourtant vigoureusement condamné par l'auteur du Contrat social. La définition du peuple, la détermination de la souveraineté et de la représentation mettent en valeur l'autonomie intellectuelle des Jacobins. Rousseau fournit un arsenal idéologique dans lequel les Jacobins puisent librement : le tri qu'ils opèrent parmi les propositions du Genevois dessine l'originalité d'une politique qui obéit aux circonstances révolutionnaires bien plus qu'à une fidélité béate aux recommandations de Jean-Jacques. Cette originalité s'illustre dans le domaine des institutions publiques : Rousseau n'est présent que par la force des principes et les Jacobins ont toute latitude pour conquérir et exercer le pouvoir. Celui-ci est tout entier orienté vers le but mirifique de la régénération. Lorsqu'il s'agit d'instituer le peuple, les Jacobins retrouvent de nets accents rousseauistes et inscrivent leur réflexion sur l'éducation, la religion et le patriotisme dans le cadre conceptuel élaboré par Rousseau. C'est en ce sens qu'il faut évoquer une " traduction " jacobine des principes de Rousseau. Les Jacobins utilisent les catégories proposées par le Genevois, mais n'hésitent pas, une fois placés au cœur du système rousseauiste, à en écarter certaines conséquences qui ne seraient pas en adéquation avec les exigences de la Révolution.

Jacobins --- Representative government and representation --- Club des Jacobins --- Gouvernement représentatif --- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, --- Political and social views --- France --- History --- Societies, etc. --- Histoire --- Associations --- Sovereignty --- Gouvernement représentatif --- Political and social views. --- Jacobins - France - History - 18th century. --- Sovereignty - History - 18th century.

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L'auteur décrit les étapes historiques de la théorisation du principe de souveraineté et ses fondements métaphysiques, juridiques et éthiques.

Sovereignty --- 32 --- CDL --- State sovereignty (International relations) --- International law --- Political science --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- International relations --- Self-determination, National --- History --- Law and legislation --- Etat --- Histoire --- Moderne --- Philosophie --- Politique --- Souverainete --- Theorie --- Independance --- Pensee --- Sovereignty. --- History. --- Souveraineté --- Souveraineté --- Sovereignty - History. --- Theories de l'etat

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The purpose of this book is to enter into the history of the mental-social phenomena that are the word sovereignty and the myth of Westphalia. Given the circularity of language, the project proposes to examine the reality-creating role of language, as an organic instrument of social power within humanity. In semiotic terms, the complex structures of words and also myths form part of sign-systems in which they can both represent and create reality. These are the passive and active functions of language, which explain that words and myths not only represent and describe reality but may also play a leading part in creating and transforming reality, thus demonstrating and being used to carry fabulous power within humanity. The Peace of Westphalia is analysed to show that, in spite of what actually took place in 1648, Westphalia has had an incredible social effect in international law, standing for the proposition that it signalled the beginning of a new era based on state sovereignty. However, it is argued that Westphalia constitutes a myth, an aetiological myth, which has provided a way for society to explain itself to itself, that is, a way for international society to explain its genesis to itself. As regards sovereignty , it is shown that Jean Bodin introduced the word in Six Livres for the purpose of having the French ruler enjoy supreme power in the hierarchical organisation structure of society. This is the original creative and transforming social effect on the shared consciousness of humanity for which the linguistic sign must be credited, which has continued, unaltered, to this day. With respect to Droit des Gens , it is demonstrated that Emer de Vattel utilised and actually changed the reality associated with sovereignty also for a specific reason, namely, to carry out its externalisation - the ruling entity was now to enjoy exclusive power to govern, which entailed being the sole representative of the people both internally and externally, and also meant that it could not be submitted to any foreign state or to any higher law externally. Vattel's use of the word has had an extraordinary effect on the shared consciousness of society, including that of the emerging international society, which is still very much present today. These two archetype cases in which 'sovereignty' developed show how this word has really had two paradigms over the years, that is, it has represented and created the two distinct realities of the internal and the international.

Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648 --- Sovereignty --- Peace --- History --- Language --- Counter-Reformation --- State sovereignty (International relations) --- International law --- Political science --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- International relations --- Self-determination, National --- Law and legislation --- Peace. --- History. --- Language. --- Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648 - Peace --- Sovereignty - History --- Sovereignty - Language

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Sovereignty, law, and the relationship between them are now among the most compelling topics in history, philosophy, literature and art. Some argue that the state’s power over the individual has never been more complete, while for others, such factors as globalization and the internet are subverting traditional political forms. This book exposes the roots of these arguments in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The thirteen contributions investigate theories, fictions, contestations, and applications of sovereignty and law from the Anglo-Saxon period to the seventeenth century, and from England across western Europe to Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. Particular topics include: Habsburg sovereignty, Romance traditions in Arthurian literature, the duomo in Milan, the political theories of Juan de Mariana and of Richard Hooker, Geoffrey Chaucer’s legal problems, the accession of James I, medieval Jewish women, Elizabethan diplomacy, Anglo-Saxon political subjectivity, and medieval French farce. Together these contributions constitute a valuable overview of the history of medieval and Renaissance law and sovereignty in several disciplines. They will appeal not only to political historians, but also to all those interested in the histories of art, literature, religion, and culture.

History of the law --- History of civilization --- anno 500-1499 --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Western Europe --- Souveraineté --- --Moyen âge, --- Renaissance --- --Constitution --- --Histoire --- --Congrès --- --2008 --- --Tempe --- --actes --- --Constitutional history --- Law, Medieval --- Sovereignty --- Sovereignty in literature --- History --- Constitutional history --- Recht. --- Soevereiniteit. --- Middeleeuwen. --- Renaissance. --- Congresses --- Law - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law - Europe, except U.K. --- Europe [Western ] --- Law [Medieval ] --- Moyen âge, 476-1492 --- Constitution --- Histoire --- Congrès --- Constitutional history - Europe, Western - Congresses --- Law, Medieval - Congresses --- Sovereignty - History - To 1500 - Congresses --- Sovereignty - History - 16th century - Congresses --- Sovereignty in literature - Congresses --- Tempe --- State sovereignty (International relations) --- International law --- Political science --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- International relations --- Self-determination, National --- Constitutional history, Modern --- Constitutional law --- Constitutions --- Law and legislation --- Europe de l'Ouest --- Jusqu'à 1500 --- 16e siècle --- Dans la littérature --- Histoire constitutionnelle --- Souveraineté --- Jusqu'à 1500 --- 16e siècle --- Dans la littérature --- Congrès