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The martial virtues—courage, loyalty, cunning, and strength—were central to male identity in the ancient world, and antique literature is replete with depictions of men cultivating and exercising these virtues on the battlefield. In Women and War in Antiquity, sixteen scholars reexamine classical sources to uncover the complex but hitherto unexplored relationship between women and war in ancient Greece and Rome. They reveal that women played a much more active role in battle than previously assumed, embodying martial virtues in both real and mythological combat.The essays in the collection, taken from the first meeting of the European Research Network on Gender Studies in Antiquity, approach the topic from philological, historical, and material culture perspectives. The contributors examine discussions of women and war in works that span the ancient canon, from Homer's epics and the major tragedies in Greece to Seneca's stoic writings in first-century Rome. They consider a vast panorama of scenes in which women are portrayed as spectators, critics, victims, causes, and beneficiaries of war.This deft volume, which ultimately challenges the conventional scholarly opposition of standards of masculinity and femininity, will appeal to scholars and students of the classical world, European warfare, and gender studies.

War and society. --- Women. --- Women and war. --- Women soldiers. --- Women and war --- Women --- Women soldiers --- War and society --- Femmes et guerre --- Femmes --- Guerre et société --- History. --- Histoire --- Greece. --- Rome (Empire) --- Greece --- Rome --- Grèce --- History, Military. --- Histoire militaire --- Femmes militaires --- History --- Gender Studies & Sexuality --- Gender & Ethnic Studies --- Social Sciences --- Women as soldiers --- Women in the military --- Soldiers --- War and women --- War --- Women and the military --- Society and war --- Sociology --- Civilians in war --- Sociology, Military --- Social aspects --- E-books --- Guerre et société --- Grèce --- Women and war - Greece - History. --- Women and war - Rome - History. --- Women - Greece - History. --- Women - Rome - History. --- Women soldiers - Greece - History. --- Women soldiers - Rome - History. --- War and society - Greece - History. --- War and society - Rome - History. --- Greece - History, Military. --- Rome - History, Military.

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Men of Bronze takes up one of the most important and fiercely debated subjects in ancient history and classics: how did archaic Greek hoplites fight, and what role, if any, did hoplite warfare play in shaping the Greek polis? In the nineteenth century, George Grote argued that the phalanx battle formation of the hoplite farmer citizen-soldier was the driving force behind a revolution in Greek social, political, and cultural institutions. Throughout the twentieth century scholars developed and refined this grand hoplite narrative with the help of archaeology. But over the past thirty years scholars have criticized nearly every major tenet of this orthodoxy. Indeed, the revisionists have persuaded many specialists that the evidence demands a new interpretation of the hoplite narrative and a rewriting of early Greek history. Men of Bronze gathers leading scholars to advance the current debate and bring it to a broader audience of ancient historians, classicists, archaeologists, and general readers. After explaining the historical context and significance of the hoplite question, the book assesses and pushes forward the debate over the traditional hoplite narrative and demonstrates why it is at a crucial turning point. Instead of reaching a consensus, the contributors have sharpened their differences, providing new evidence, explanations, and theories about the origin, nature, strategy, and tactics of the hoplite phalanx and its effect on Greek culture and the rise of the polis. The contributors include Paul Cartledge, Lin Foxhall, John Hale, Victor Davis Hanson, Donald Kagan, Peter Krentz, Kurt Raaflaub, Adam Schwartz, Anthony Snodgrass, Hans van Wees, and Gregory Viggiano.

Armor, Ancient --- Weapons, Ancient --- Soldiers --- Military art and science --- Ancient weapons --- Arms and armor, Ancient --- Armed Forces personnel --- Members of the Armed Forces --- Military personnel --- Military service members --- Service members --- Servicemen, Military --- Armed Forces --- Fighting --- Military power --- Military science --- Warfare --- Warfare, Primitive --- Naval art and science --- War --- Ancient armor --- History --- Greece --- al-Yūnān --- Ancient Greece --- Ellada --- Ellas --- Ellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Elliniki Dimokratia --- Grčija --- Grèce --- Grecia --- Gret︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Griechenland --- Hellada --- Hellas --- Hellenic Republic --- Hellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Kingdom of Greece --- République hellénique --- Royaume de Grèce --- Vasileion tēs Hellados --- Xila --- Yaṿan --- Yūnān --- Ελληνική Δημοκρατία --- Ελλάς --- Ελλάδα --- Греция --- اليونان --- يونان --- 希腊 --- History, Military --- Aristotle. --- Assyrian army. --- Etruscan Bomarzo shield. --- Greek culture. --- Greek history. --- Greek hoplites. --- Greek infantry. --- Greek mercenaries. --- Greek military history. --- Greek social status. --- Greek soldiers. --- Greek state. --- Greek values. --- Greek warfare. --- Homeric epics. --- Homeric warfare. --- Oriental influence. --- Persian army. --- Politics. --- The Other Greeks. --- The Western Way of War. --- agrarianism. --- ancient Greece. --- ancient Greek warfare. --- archaeology. --- archaic Greek arms. --- archaic Greeks. --- chronological framework. --- citizen-soldier. --- citizen-soldiers. --- double-grip shield. --- early Greek hoplite warfare. --- early Greek infantry. --- economic change. --- elite landowners. --- gentlemen farmers. --- gradualism. --- grand hoplite narrative. --- hoplite armor. --- hoplite arms. --- hoplite battle. --- hoplite class. --- hoplite debate. --- hoplite equipment. --- hoplite fighting. --- hoplite formations. --- hoplite iconography. --- hoplite ideology. --- hoplite orthodoxy. --- hoplite panoply. --- hoplite reform. --- hoplite shield. --- hoplite warfare. --- hoplite weapons. --- hoplites. --- leisure class. --- literary sources. --- lyric poetry. --- mass collision. --- material culture. --- mercenary service. --- middling farmers. --- modern historians. --- phalanx. --- poetry. --- polis. --- political development. --- revisionism. --- site survey. --- small-scale farmers. --- social change. --- sociopolitical issues. --- spear. --- survey archaeology. --- survey data. --- survey projects. --- yeomen farmers. --- Military art and science - Greece - History - To 1500 - Congresses --- Soldiers - Greece - History - To 1500 - Congresses --- Armor, Ancient - Greece - Congresses --- Greece - History, Military - To 146 BC - Congresses