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The basis for this study are two extensive telephone surveys (designed by Slovic and the other contributors to this volume) that were conducted between 1999- 2000, recording the responses of over 4000 people.

Smoking --- Nicotine --- Cigarette smokers --- Risk perception --- Health aspects --- Attitudes --- Health risk assessment --- Government policy --- Cigarette smokers - Attitudes. --- Nicotine - Health aspects. --- Smoking - Health aspects. --- Delivery of Health Care --- Public Policy --- Behavior --- Communication --- Solanaceous Alkaloids --- Attitude --- Pyridines --- Marketing --- Habits --- Social Control Policies --- Information Science --- Commerce --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring --- Alkaloids --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Heterocyclic Compounds --- Policy --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Health Care --- Social Control, Formal --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Social Sciences --- Sociology --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Attitude to Health --- Health Policy --- Risk-Taking --- Advertising as Topic --- Psychiatry --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Substance Abuse Disorders --- Risk perception. --- Health aspects. --- Attitudes. --- Health risk assessment. --- Government policy. --- Cigarette habit --- Cigarette smoking --- Tobacco smoking --- Awareness, Risk --- Risk awareness --- Smokers, Cigarette --- Tobacco use --- Perception --- Persons --- Pyridine --- Tobacco --- Tobacco products --- Smoking - Health aspects --- Nicotine - Health aspects --- Cigarette smokers - Attitudes --- Cigarette smokers - Health risk assessment --- Smoking - Government policy

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Tobacco kills more people worldwide than any legal or illegal drug; the collective benefits of quitting smoking are plentiful, from improved health, increased life expectancy, and fewer sick days to less stress on families and health care providers. Tobacco use and addiction depend on the complex interplay of neurochemical, genetic, personal, and social factors—and nicotine, as the principal psychoactive ingredient in tobacco smoke, stands at the center of this equation. The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and Its Role in Tobacco Use assembles papers from the 55th Nebraska Symposium on Motivation in a multidimensional analysis of nicotine at work. These papers present data, theories, and findings useful in understanding not only the mechanisms behind tobacco dependence and resistance to quitting, but also the issues involved in smoking cessation, initial use prevention, and relapse prevention. Some of the key areas covered include: Molecular and neurobiological perspectives on the motivational effects of nicotine. The motivational components of nicotine dependence and the import of learning history. The role of nicotine in making environmental cues associated with smoking more reinforcing. The effects of pharmaco- and immunotherapies on the ability of psychological cues to influence smoking behavior. Sex differences in nicotine reinforcement and their implications for treatment. The importance of craving in the maintenance of smoking behavior and in its relapse after quitting. Given the continued impact of smoking on public health, The Motivational Impact of Nicotine and Its Role in Tobacco Use will attract a wide audience. This cutting-edge information is vital to the clinical psychologist, researcher, and policymaker involved in developing more efficient therapies, more effective treatment products, better delivery systems, or new avenues for research. About the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation The Nebraska Symposium on Motivation has been sponsored by the Department of Psychology at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln since 1953. Each year the Symposium invites leading scholars from around the world to speak at a conference devoted to a topic of current interest to psychology, the proceedings of which are published in an edited volume.

Motivation (Psychology). --- Nicotine addiction. --- Tobacco use. --- Nicotine addiction --- Tobacco use --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Motivation --- Nicotine --- Tobacco Use Disorder --- Emotional Intelligence --- Pyridines --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Solanaceous Alkaloids --- Intelligence --- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring --- Alkaloids --- Diseases --- Mental Disorders --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Heterocyclic Compounds --- Personality --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Psychology --- Substance Abuse Disorders --- Social Change --- Psychiatry --- Social Sciences --- Sociology & Social History --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cigarette habit --- Nicotine dependence --- Tobacco addiction --- Tobacco dependence --- Action, Psychology of --- Drive (Psychology) --- Psychology of action --- Tobacco habit --- Psychology. --- Personality. --- Social psychology. --- Personality and Social Psychology. --- Mass psychology --- Psychology, Social --- Human ecology --- Social groups --- Sociology --- Personal identity --- Personality psychology --- Personality theory --- Personality traits --- Personology --- Traits, Personality --- Individuality --- Persons --- Self --- Temperament --- Behavioral sciences --- Mental philosophy --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Philosophy --- Soul --- Mental health --- Habit --- Substance abuse --- Drug addiction --- Tabagisme --- Motivation (Psychologie) --- Consciousness. --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Spirit --- Difference (Psychology). --- Personality and Differential Psychology. --- Differential psychology --- Psychology, Differential --- Differentiation (Developmental psychology)

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Around-the-clock tobacco talks, multibillion-dollar lawsuits against the major cigarette companies, and legislative wrangling over how much to tax a pack of cigarettes-these are some of the most recent episodes in the war against the tobacco companies. The Cigarette Papers shows what started it all: revelations that tobacco companies had long known the grave dangers of smoking, and did nothing about it.In May 1994 a box containing 4,000 pages of internal tobacco industry documents arrived at the office of Professor Stanton Glantz at the University of California, San Francisco. The anonymous source of these "cigarette papers" was identified only as "Mr. Butts." These documents provide a shocking inside account of the activities of one tobacco company, Brown & Williamson, over more than thirty years. Quoting extensively from the documents themselves and analyzing what they reveal, The Cigarette Papers shows what the tobacco companies have known and galvanizes us to take action.

Tobacco industry --- Tobacco use --- Nicotine --- Smoking. --- Tobacco. --- Cigarettes --- Habits --- Pyridines --- Solanaceae --- Solanaceous Alkaloids --- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring --- Heterocyclic Compounds --- Embryophyta --- Streptophyta --- Viridiplantae --- Additives --- Cigar Smoking --- Cigarette Smoking --- Hookah Smoking --- Smoking, Tobacco --- Waterpipe Smoking --- Pipe Smoking --- Tobacco Smoking --- Smoking, Cigar --- Smoking, Cigarette --- Smoking, Hookah --- Smoking, Pipe --- Smoking, Waterpipe --- Nicotiana tabacums --- Nicotianas --- Tobaccos --- tabacum, Nicotiana --- Nicotine Bitartrate --- Nicotine Tartrate --- Bitartrate, Nicotine --- Tartrate, Nicotine --- Eucarya --- Eukarya --- Eukaryotes --- Eukaryotas --- Eukaryote --- Plant --- Land Plants --- Land Plant --- Plant, Land --- Plants, Land --- Compounds, Heterocyclic --- Heterocyclic Cpds, 1-Ring --- 1-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds --- 1-Ring Heterocyclic Cpds --- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1 Ring --- Heterocyclic Cpds, 1 Ring --- Angiospermae --- Liliopsida --- Magnoliopsida --- Angiosperm --- Liliopsidas --- Magnoliopsidas --- Habit Disturbances --- Habit Disturbance --- Tobacco manufacture and trade --- Tobacco products industry --- Cigarets --- Cigarette habit --- Cigarette smoking --- Tobacco smoking --- Green Plants --- Green Plant --- Plant, Green --- Plants, Green --- Solanum Alkaloids --- Alkaloids, Solanaceous --- Alkaloids, Solanum --- Acnistus --- Brugmansia --- Dunalia --- Brugmansias --- Dunalias --- -Tobacco --- -Tobacco industry --- -Cigarettes --- Tobacco products --- Plant products industry --- Smoking --- Industry --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Angiosperms --- Behavior --- Alkaloids --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Plants --- Eukaryota --- Organisms --- Tobacco --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Smoking Behaviors --- Smoking Habit --- Behavior, Smoking --- Behaviors, Smoking --- Habit, Smoking --- Habits, Smoking --- Smoking Behavior --- Smoking Habits --- Tertiary Sector --- Sector, Tertiary --- Sectors, Tertiary --- Tertiary Sectors --- Commerce --- Ethics, Business --- Nicotiana tabacum --- Nicotiana --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- Botany --- Plant Proteins --- Ethnopharmacology --- Polycyclic Compounds --- Plant Alkaloids --- Alkaloids, Plant --- Angiosperma --- Arecidae --- Asteridae --- Caryophyllidae --- Commelinidae --- Dicotyledoneae --- Dilleniidae --- Flowering Plants --- Hamamelidae --- Hamamelididae --- Icacinales --- Liliatae --- Liliidae --- Magnoliatae --- Metteniusales --- Oncothecales --- Rosidae --- Vahliales --- Zingiberidae --- Flowering Plant --- Icacinale --- Metteniusale --- Oncothecale --- Plant, Flowering --- Plants, Flowering --- Vahliale --- Piperidines --- Habit --- Health aspects. --- legislation. --- adverse effects. --- Health aspects --- United States --- Additives. --- Tobacco industry - United States. --- Tobacco - Health aspects. --- #SBIB:002.IO --- #SBIB:316.334.3M20 --- #SBIB:35H411 --- #SBIB:35H436 --- Sociale epidemiologie en etiologie: sociale aspecten van ziekte en gezondheid --- Beleidscyclus: voorbereiding (inclusief planning) --- Beleidssectoren: welzijn, volksgezondheid en cultuur --- Behavior And Behavior Mechanism --- Heterocyclic Compound --- Compound, Heterocyclic --- Alkaloid --- Plant Alkaloid --- Alkaloid, Plant --- Technology --- Psychology --- Factors, Psychological --- Psychological Factors --- Psychological Side Effects --- Psychologists --- Psychosocial Factors --- Side Effects, Psychological --- Factor, Psychological --- Factor, Psychosocial --- Factors, Psychosocial --- Psychological Factor --- Psychological Side Effect --- Psychologist --- Psychosocial Factor --- Side Effect, Psychological --- Arts, Industrial --- Industrial Arts --- Cloud Computing --- Industry. --- Cigarettes. --- Habits. --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture. --- Pyridines. --- Solanaceae. --- Solanaceous Alkaloids. --- Technology. --- Magnoliopsida. --- Behavior. --- Alkaloids. --- Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring. --- Heterocyclic Compounds. --- Embryophyta. --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms. --- Psychology. --- Streptophyta. --- Viridiplantae. --- Plants. --- Eukaryota. --- Nicotine. --- United States.

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Capsaicin is a principal pungent ingredient of red chili peppers, first isolated in the early nineteenth century by Christian Friedrich Bucholz. Widely consumed as a spice in South Asia and Latin America, Capsaicin has been used to treat pain and inflammation associated with a variety of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic neuropathy, post-masectomy pain, cluster headaches, and herpes zoster. Although recent studies have evaluated capsaicin as a novel anti-cancer agent, and mechanisms of capsaicin in preventing cancer have been described sporadically, the literature lacks a comprehensive review of capsaicin as a chemo-preventive agent. Role of Capsaicin in Oxidative Stress and Cancer offers a thorough exploration of the preventive and therapeutic effects of capsaicin in cancer models such as melanoma, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer, lung cancer, multiple myeloma and glioma.  The contributors, all internationally recognized researchers, identify various molecular and cellular targets of capsaicin, and show the critical role of mitochondria in capsaicin-mediated therapeutic effects. Readers will learn how capsaicin prevents or may treat cancer, how different cells respond to capsaicin, how environmental carcinogen-induced carcinogenesis can be prevented by capsaicin and the mechanism of oxidative stress caused by capsaicin.  This book will benefit medical students, oncologists and cancer researchers everywhere.

Catechols --- Protective Agents --- Polyunsaturated Alkamides --- Solanaceous Alkaloids --- Diseases --- Therapeutic Uses --- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated --- Stress, Physiological --- Metabolism --- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated --- Physiological Processes --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Amides --- Alkaloids --- Physiological Effects of Drugs --- Phenols --- Alkenes --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Specialty Uses of Chemicals --- Heterocyclic Compounds --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Phenomena and Processes --- Organic Chemicals --- Fatty Acids --- Physiological Phenomena --- Hydrocarbons, Acyclic --- Lipids --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Hydrocarbons --- Neoplasms --- Capsaicin --- Antineoplastic Agents --- Oxidative Stress --- Anticarcinogenic Agents --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Capsaicin. --- Oxidative stress. --- Axsain (Trademark) --- Capsaicine --- Capsidol (Trademark) --- Capsin (Trademark) --- Capzasin (Trademark) --- Gelcen (Trademark) --- Katrum (Trademark) --- NGX-4010 (Trademark) --- Qutenza (Trademark) --- Zacin (Trademark) --- Zostrix (Trademark) --- Medicine. --- Science. --- Cancer research. --- Gene expression. --- Pharmacology. --- Cell biology. --- Apoptosis. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Science, general. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Gene Expression. --- Cell Biology. --- Oxidation-reduction reaction --- Stress (Physiology) --- Analgesics --- Capsaicinoids --- Oncology. --- Cytology. --- Toxicology. --- Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Tumors --- Expression --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Cell death --- Cancer research --- Physiological effect