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carbon dioxide --- carbon cycle --- carbon dioxide enrichment --- Measurement --- Infiltration --- Infiltration water --- Rainwater --- Soil respiration

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Agricultural soils --- Soil respiration --- carbon cycle --- Soil thermal regimes --- Gas exchange --- Measuring instruments --- methods

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Dans le contexte du réchauffement climatique et de l’augmentation de la demande alimentaire, les sols joueront un rôle central. L’intérêt de l’ajout de charbon dans le sol (c.-à-d. le biochar) augmente, car il pourrait constituer une pratique intéressante dans les sols agricoles en améliorant la productivité des cultures et en stockant du carbone à long terme. Néanmoins, les effets du biochar sur les sols et les facteurs sous-jacents restent débattus et ne sont pas entièrement compris. Ce travail vise à déterminer l’impact du biochar sur les flux de CO2 provenant de la respiration hétérotrophique d’un sol cultivé. La respiration hétérotrophique, l’humidité et la température du sol ont été mesurées sur 54 unités indépendantes, à partir de 9 sites différents montrant trois modalités : un sol non amendé, un sol amendé en biochar centenaire et un sol amendé en biochar récemment pyrolysé. L’étude s’est déroulée dans un champ cultivé de manière conventionnelle et situé à Gembloux en Belgique. Nos résultats montrent que l’apport de biochar jeune et vieux n’augmente pas le taux de respiration, tout en augmentant la quantité de C du sol. En outre, la présence de biochar dans les sols diminue l’effet corrélatif de la température sur l’activité microbienne et donc sur les émissions de CO2. Un effet limitant de l’humidité sur la respiration a été détecté à un taux d’environ 11%, ce qui suggère que le taux de respiration ne répond pas à une relation exponentielle avec la température comme le dicte la loi Q10. Les différences de taux de respiration entre les sites indiquent qu’une autre expérience comprenant l’analyse microbienne doit être réalisée. En résumé, l’amendement des sols en biochar semble être une pratique prometteuse de stabilisation de carbone dans le sol à long terme, tout en réduisant l’impact de la hausse des températures sur les émissions de CO2.

soil respiration --- cultivated agroecosystem --- heterotrophic respiration --- CO2 --- biochar --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie

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Understanding the differences in carbon and nitrogen distribution and cycling both spatially and temporally using various approaches is essential in forest ecosystems. In addition, the influence of biotic and abiotic factors as well as natural and artificial disturbances on carbon and nitrogen cycling need to first be understood before drawing their implications to forest management practices. This Special Issue aims to understand carbon and nitrogen distribution and cycling in forest ecosystems for ecosystem-based forest management under different natural and artificial disturbances.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- carbon --- decomposition --- disturbance --- ecosystem process --- extracellular enzymes --- exoenzymes --- forest fire --- nitrogen --- soil enzymes --- succession --- net primary production --- spatiotemporal patterns --- climate change --- phenology --- China --- protected forest --- carbon sequestration --- Abies religiosa --- soil organic carbon --- dissolved organic matter --- nitrogen addition --- Phyllostachys edulis --- carbon cycling --- Pinus resinosa --- soil respiration --- stand age --- carbon mass --- NPP --- Picea crassifolia --- carbon balance --- Qinling Mountains --- biomass regression model --- eddy covariance --- net primary productivity --- net ecosystem exchange --- hyphal exploration strategy --- atmospheric nitrogen deposition --- Russula --- deep soil --- forest floor --- forest management --- fertilization --- thinning --- fixed depth --- equivalent soil mass --- soil nitrogen mineralization --- plant-soil interactions --- resin core method --- forest conversion --- headwater catchment

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Forest ecosystems are often disturbed by agents such as harvesting, fire, wind, insects and diseases, and acid deposition, with differing intensities and frequencies. Such disturbances can markedly affect the amount, form, and stability of soil organic carbon in, and the emission of greenhouse gases, including CO2, CH4, and N2O from, forest ecosystems. It is vitally important that we improve our understanding of the impact of different disturbance regimes on forest soil carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions to guide our future research, forest management practices, and policy development. This Special Issue provides an important update on the disturbance effects on soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in forest ecosystems in different climate regions.

greenhouse gas emission --- heterotrophic respiration --- Camellia oleifera --- Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr --- soil microbial residue --- assisted natural regeneration --- soil organic carbon --- soil carbon sequestration --- soil CO2 --- surface soil layer --- landform --- anthropogenic effect --- South Korea --- CO2 effluxes --- storm damage --- microbial properties --- calcareous soil --- land use pattern --- soil total nitrogen --- generation --- tree mortality --- land use types --- forest conversion --- DCD --- carbon source–sink --- stoichiometric ratios --- autotrophic respiration --- N2O --- CO2 emission --- organic carbon mineralization --- CH4 emissions --- clear-cutting --- CO2 production and diffusion --- soil quality --- nitrification inhibitor --- organic carbon accumulation --- climate change mitigation --- global change --- greenhouse gas inventory --- warming --- soil properties --- bacterial community --- sensitivity --- soil characteristics --- forest --- insect outbreak --- biochar --- nitrous oxide --- CO2 --- soil respiration --- land-use change --- decomposition --- soil --- natural forest --- calcareous soils --- greenhouse gas --- forest soils --- karst graben basin --- plantation --- rocky desertification --- fitting parameters --- temperature --- forest disturbance --- microbe --- subtropical forest --- N addition --- carbon stock changes --- IPCC --- next-generation sequencing --- nitrogen --- N2O emissions --- red soils --- CH4 --- coastal wetlands --- CO2 emissions --- stand age --- successive planting --- plum plantation ages