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Understanding the factors that create and maintain social inequalities is a core question in social psychology. Research has so far mainly focused on the role of individual stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination. However, there is growing evidence that, beyond the “biased” acts of prejudiced individuals, structural factors related to the very functioning of institutions and organizations can play a role in the reproduction of social inequalities. Indeed, in industrialized countries, society is structured in a way that reflects the perspective of, is organized by, and benefits the dominant groups. In this Research Topic, we propose to bring together researchers who study how institutional ideologies and practices promote norms, rules and opportunities that favor dominant groups and disadvantage dominated groups. This question can be tackled by work investigating how institutional practices (e.g., grading, tracking, recruitment, …) and ideologies (e.g., meritocracy, individualism, protestant work ethic, …) shape the psychological experience of (dis)advantaged people. Moreover, another interesting venue is represented by work investigating how the institutional practices and ideologies are enacted by the agents (e.g., teachers, recruiters, leaders, …). Taking the perspective of agents allows to investigate how institutional functioning constrains the actual opportunities they provide to (dis)advantaged individuals. This could also highlight how institutional ideologies and practices are incorporated by agents, thus revealing mechanisms of change vs. perpetuation of the institutional functioning.

Structural barriers --- social inequalities --- Social reproduction --- gender --- Education --- immigrant --- Institutions --- Social Class

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Wealth and power characterize elites, yet despite the strong cultural influences they exert, their study remains underdeveloped. Partly because of complications resulting from access, scholars have tended to focus on groups affected by elite governance rather than on elites themselves. It is often overlooked that, in order to continue through time, elites have to empower new members. Choice has to be exercised over who achieves leadership, both by reference to the elite group itself and to the wider group over which it holds power. This book fills a gap in the current literature by providing the first rigorous interrogation of the choice and succession strategies of elites in various cultural contexts - from the transmission and preservation of financial power in urban contexts to the complex relation between subjectivity and the transmission of leadership positions in places as varied as the United States, Northern Italy and Lisbon. Various elite succession types are discussed, from self-avowedly 'traditional' leaders to the aristocracy, where choice is practically non-existent, to situations where leaders are elected from amongst a group of peers. The relationship between familial property and choice of successor in landholding families, small business enterprises, and peasant communities is also examined, as are ethnic monopolies.

Sociology & Anthropology --- antropologia da família --- elite --- história da família --- reprodução social --- élite --- anthropologie de la famille --- histoire de la famille --- reproduction sociale --- anthropology of the family --- family history --- social reproduction

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After three decades of massive rural-to-urban migration in China, a burgeoning population of over 35 million second-generation migrants living in its cities poses a challenge to socialist modes of population management and urban governance. In The Inconvenient Generation, Minhua Ling offers the first longitudinal study of these migrant youth from middle school to the labor market in the years after the Shanghai municipal government partially opened its public school system to them. Drawing on multi-sited ethnographic data, Ling follows the trajectories of dozens of children coming of age at a time of competing economic and social imperatives, and its everyday ramifications on their sense of identity, educational outcomes, and citizenship claims. Under policies and practices of segmented inclusion, they are inevitably funneled through the school system toward a life of manual labor. Illuminating the aspirations and strategies of these young men and women, Ling captures their experiences against the backdrop of a reemergent global Shanghai.

Youth --- Children of internal migrants --- Rural-urban migration --- Social conditions. --- Social aspects --- China. --- citizenship. --- inequality. --- late-socialism. --- migration. --- school-to-work transition. --- segmented inclusion. --- social reproduction. --- urban governance. --- urbanization.

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This collection brings together scholars from various disciplines to ask fundamental questions concerning how women handle the manifold impediments placed before them as they simply attempt to live full human lives. The collection explores narratives of women - real and fictional - who fight against these barriers, who succumb to them, who remain unaware of them, or choose to ignore them. It explores the ways we read women in cultural production, and how women are read in society. We assert the obstacles constructed into the very fabric of societies against fifty percent of the population are unfair, be they hindrances for women to attain their goals, encumbrances that limit women's speech and societal participation - communal and artistic - or hindrances that prohibit specific behaviors and images of women.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman --- The Yellow Wallpaper --- Houswifization --- Social Reproduction --- Rachilde --- La Jongleuse --- Randa Abdel Fatah --- Does My Head Look Big in This? --- Ecuador --- Comic --- Charlotte Wood --- The Natural Way of Things --- Animal People --- Ecofeminist --- Helen Wells --- Peril over the Airport --- Maxine Hong Kingston --- No Name Woman --- Middle East --- Female Lawyers --- Geschlechterforschung --- Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung --- Anglistik --- Charlotte Perkins Gilman; The Yellow Wallpaper; Houswifization; Social Reproduction; Rachilde; La Jongleuse; Randa Abdel Fatah; Does My Head Look Big in This?; Ecuador; Comic; Charlotte Wood; The Natural Way of Things; Animal People; Ecofeminist; Helen Wells; Peril over the Airport; Maxine Hong Kingston; No Name Woman; Middle East; Female Lawyers; Family Law; Domestic Violence; Patriarchy; Lesotho

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This book considers how adults attempt to socialise young children into the adults it aspires to produce, from a number of diverse perspectives. The evolution of storytelling and its impact upon child development is initially explored, followed by the consideration of how social class, ethnicity, culture, and colonialism impact upon the ways that societies ‘school’ children about what to expect from adulthood. Different perspectives of early years education and growing up within a British/British colonial perspective are discussed and analysed. There is a focus throughout upon the way that children are constructed by the society in question, particularly those who are considered to be of lower status in terms of being poor, orphaned, or from ethnic groups against which the dominant culture discriminates. Topics covered by the chapters include topics covered by this Special Issue: current and historical constructions of childhood; the development of linguistic and ‘storying’ skills in childhood; childhood play and recreation; childhood and ‘folk’ narratives; philosophies of childhood; childhood and industrialisation; childhood and post-industrialisation; childhood education; childhood health; and cultures of childcare.

play --- institutionalisation --- social reproduction --- media --- human evolution --- children --- purposes of nursery schooling --- early-years education history --- school readiness --- poverty --- early childhood education --- abandonment --- colonialism --- racism --- schooling for parental responsibility --- childhood --- early-years education --- apartheid --- foundling hospital --- Africa --- narrative --- under-fives in elementary schools --- urban Lancashire demographic sample 1901 --- storying --- mythology --- open-air nursery --- maternal duties --- Susan Isaacs