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Labor market discrimination is very difficult to pinpoint, even more difficult to measure and almost impossible to "prove". It has been studied in many disciplines of which economics and sociology are prime. The latter has focused more on the manner in which discrimination plays out and how it is related to different forms of social stratification. This paper reviews the literature and makes two main contributions: first, it builds a four-fold typology to think about discrimination-overt or covert; conscious or unconscious; legal or illegal and real or perceived. Second, it identifies screens and filters-devices through which discrimination plays out in the labor market. Unless more empirical studies identify the play of discrimination and exclusion, subordinate groups may well be told that discrimination is actually in their heads-that they are imagining it.

Bias --- Discrimination --- Exclusion --- Filters --- Gender --- Gender & development --- Gender & law --- Labor markets --- Labor policies --- Macroeconomics and economic growth --- Markets & market access --- Privilege --- Screens --- Social networks --- Social norms --- Social process --- Social protections and labor --- Society --- Status --- Stereotypes --- Stigma

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What are the fundamental issues, processes, agency and dynamics that shape the political economy of life in modern Africa? In this book, the contributors - experts in anthropology, history, political science, economics, conflict and peace studies, philosophy and language - examine the opportunities and constraints placed on living, livelihoods and sustainable life on the continent. Reflecting on why and how the political economy of life approach is essential for understanding the social process in modern Africa, they engage with the intellectual oeuvre of the influential Africanist economic anthropologist Jane Guyer, who provides an Afterword. The contributors analyse the political economy of everyday life as it relates to money and currency; migrant labour forces and informal and formal economies; dispossession of land; debt and indebtedness; socio-economic marginality; and the entrenchment of colonial and apartheid pasts. Wale Adebanwi is the Rhodes Professor of Race Relations at the University of Oxford. He is author of Nation as Grand Narrative: The Nigerian Press and the Politics of Meaning (University of Rochester Press).

Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Africa --- Economic conditions. --- Politics and government. --- Africa. --- African people. --- Economic Anthropology. --- Everyday Life. --- History. --- Jane Guyer. --- Livelihoods. --- Margins. --- Political Economy. --- Political economy. --- Social Process. --- Society. --- Sustainability. --- Well-being. --- anthropology. --- apartheid legacies. --- apartheid. --- colonial past. --- colonialism. --- conflict and peace studies. --- economics. --- everyday life. --- geography. --- history. --- language. --- modern Africa. --- multi-disciplinary examination. --- philosophy. --- political science. --- race relations. --- socio-economic marginality. --- sustainable life. --- well-being.

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Befürwortende ebenso wie skeptische Stimmen zum Thema Inklusion klingen häufig so, als sei ein Gelingen oder Scheitern inklusiver Prozesse kaum beeinflussbar. Entsprechend wenig ist untersucht, wie sich Gruppenprozesse in inklusiven Gruppen gestalten. Die vorliegende Studie schließt diese Lücke, indem sie die Zusammenarbeit in Kleingruppen im Kontext inklusiver Hochschulbildung untersucht. Gegenstand sind vier rekonstruktive Fallstudien aus Seminaren, an denen Studierende und behinderte Menschen - zumeist ohne Hochschulzugangsberechtigung - teilnehmen. Unter Anwendung der dokumentarischen Methode werden Arbeitsprozesse von Projektgruppen im Rahmen inklusionsorientierter Seminare analysiert. Die leitende Fragestellung besteht darin, wie die Mitglieder einer Gruppe Gemeinsamkeit herstellen, Differenz bearbeiten und Verantwortung verteilen. Somit ist die Ambivalenz von Gemeinsamkeit und Differenz und ihre ,Herstellung' in inklusiven Kleingruppen Gegenstand der Dissertation. Sie leistet für die Förder-/Sonder-/Rehabilitations- und Inklusionspädagogik einen Beitrag zur kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit Differenz und den damit verbundenen Zuschreibungen. Zugleich wird aber auch die Entstehung von gemeinsamen Erfahrungsräumen in Gruppenprozessen analysiert. Obwohl im Hochschulbereich angesiedelt, sind die Ergebnisse auch für außerschulische Jugendbildung und den Sekundarbereich als relevant anzusehen.

Rehabilitationspädagogik --- Erziehungswissenschaft --- Inklusionspädagogik --- Inklusion --- Integration --- Gender --- inklusive Gruppen --- Heterogenität --- Sonderpädagogik --- Behindertenpädagogik --- Diversität --- Inklusive Hochschulbildung --- Förderpädagogik --- Hochschule --- Hochschulseminar --- Gruppe --- Heterogene Lerngruppe --- Gruppendynamik --- Kleingruppe --- Gruppenpsychologie --- Heterogenität --- Sozialer Prozess --- Soziale Interaktion --- Soziale Integration --- Gemeinsamkeit --- Differenz --- Integrative Pädagogik --- Sonderpädagogik --- Dokumentarische Methode --- Fallbeispiel --- Deutschland --- Inclusion --- Higher education institute --- Group dynamics --- Small goup --- Small group --- Group psychology --- Heterogeneity --- Social process --- Social interaction --- Social integration --- Integrative education --- Remedial instruction sciences --- Special education for the handicapped --- Special needs education --- Exemplary model --- Germany --- Document