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Inheritance relation and institution of inheritance are the main subjects of this book. Inheritance is a process regulating the transfer of property by the deceased among his/hers inheritors. The transfer of property, assets, as well as certain rights and obligations from the deceased to inheritors settles in probate proceedings. Since 1955, inheritance in Serbia can be two fold: legal and testamentary. The Serbian legislature does not recognize other inheritances, such as inheritance contract. Therefore, an inheritance is possible only when a person dies, or when a person is declared dead. Legal inheritance presumes the deceased is inherited by his/hers legal inheritors, divided into inheritance levels according to kinship relatedness and kinship lineage with the deceased. Furthermore, inheritors of the closer inheritance levels exclude from the inheritance inheritors of the further inheritance level, hence the principle of exclusion is applied. The first inheritance level includes the deceased biological and adopted offspring, as well as conjugal partners. Persons related by blood with the deceased, that is, related by birth, have an equal right to inheritance as persons related by civil kinship, that is, related by adoption with the deceased. Gender equality of all offspring is one of the main legal rules of inheritance established by the socialist legislature in Serbia. Legal inheritance also assumes the rule according to which all inheritors of the same level have an equal right to inheritance. An exception to this rule is a spouse, for he/she, within legal inheritance, is entitled to one half of the deceased assets. That is, this inheritance portion is larger than inheritance portions of the deceased’s offspring, or all other inheritors. Testamentary inheritance, in contrast to legal, grants a person to dispose his/her property at own discretion. At the same time, the Law on Inheritance regulates that a testament cannot be open or property divided until the death of the Testator. In this way, compliance is attained between rules about testamentary inheritance and general rules of inheritance, as defined in the Law of Inheritance. Despite this regulation, practice often witnesses deviations from certain legal normative. Disagreement of theory and practice is not a sole characteristic of inheritance but also of other spheres in civil law. The institution of inheritance and inheritance practice do differ, however, from other law spheres in explicit parallel application of legal and customary normative. This parallel practice is in application throughout Serbia for more than a century in spite that civil law and legislation do not consider customary normative as a source of law. Customary law, due to this refutation, so represents an illegitimate law system. This issue provokes a number of questions, primarily: within legal and testamentary inheritance, how it is possible to have a parallel application of legal (official) and customary normative while at the same time, the whole procedure is considered legal? The parallel application of customary and law normative is not problematic solely in this matter but also raises a concern of collision in between the two respective normative. The collision emerges as a result of essentially different, opposed principles of inheritance within the two law systems.

Social Sciences --- Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence --- Customs / Folklore --- Geography, Regional studies --- Regional Geography --- History of Law --- Sociology --- Social Norms / Social Control

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The brochure summarizes the accumulated experience and the good practices of the ombudsman type institutions on local level that have functioned under pilot projects in the period 1998 – 2003. It also presents the first steps in the process of establishing such institutions after their legislative regulation, namely the adoption in 2003 of Article 21a of the Law on Local Self-Government and Local Administration, which entitles municipal councils to elect local public mediators for promoting and protecting the civil rights and lawful interests of citizens before the local authorities.

Social Sciences --- Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence --- Human Rights and Humanitarian Law --- Sociology --- Applied Sociology --- Evaluation research --- Social Norms / Social Control

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This is the first collection of selected essays by the authors who attended the courses and seminars the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia organized in 2004. Within the three-year project “Building up Democracy and Good Governance in Multiethnic Communities” that is being implemented with the assistance of the European Union, twelve 5-day “schools of democracy” and eight 3-day seminars under the common title “Life and Living in Multiethnic Environments” were held in 2004 in Belgrade, Novi Sad, Kragujevac and Novi Pazar. Over 500 trainees attended these courses and seminars. The project is aimed at capacitating young people – by the means of attractive and interactive courses of training – not only for a life in multiethnic communities that are particularly burdened with the adverse experience of the recent past, mutual distrust and stereotypes, but also for a life in the conditions that mark a modern democracy and reflect its standards. An objective as such implies, among other things, rational perception of notions, developments and trends that are in Serbia still blurred, marginalized and subject to relativism or, moreover, to various and even misguiding interpretations. The Helsinki Committee’s experience testifies this is all about a process that takes time but is worthy of effort – the more so since young people, as evidenced by the selected writings as well, fully perceive it as an imperative need of their own.

Serbian essays --- Human rights in literature. --- Politics and literature --- Toleration --- Politics / Political Sciences --- Politics --- History --- Anthropology --- Social Sciences --- Education --- Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence --- Customs / Folklore --- Criminal Law --- Civil Law --- Human Rights and Humanitarian Law --- Political Theory --- Sociology --- Recent History (1900 till today) --- Special Historiographies: --- Government/Political systems --- Electoral systems --- Politics and society --- Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology --- Culture and social structure --- Social development --- Substance abuse and addiction --- Family and social welfare --- Nationalism Studies --- Welfare services --- Economic development --- Period(s) of Nation Building --- Inter-Ethnic Relations --- Ethnic Minorities Studies --- Social Norms / Social Control --- Identity of Collectives --- Wars in Jugoslavia