Abstract | Keywords | Export | Availability | Bookmark

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

During the heyday of the U.S. and international labor movements in the 1930's and 1940's, Ferdinand Smith, the Jamaican-born co-founder and second-in-command of the National Maritime Union (NMU), stands out as one of the most-if not the most-powerful black labor leaders in the United States. Smith's active membership in the Communist Party, however, coupled with his bold labor radicalism and shaky immigration status, brought him under continual surveillance by U.S. authorities, especially during the Red Scare in the 1950's. Smith was eventually deported to his homeland of Jamaica, where he

African American communists -- Biography. --- Jamaican Americans -- Biography. --- Labor leaders -- Jamaica -- Biography. --- Labor leaders -- United States -- Biography. --- National Maritime Union of America -- History -- 20th century. --- Smith, Ferdinand. --- Labor leaders --- African American communists --- Jamaican Americans --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Business & Economics --- National Maritime Union of America --- History --- Afro-American communists --- Communists, African American --- Communists, Negro --- Labor movement leaders --- Leaders, Labor --- Smith, Ferdinand C., --- National Maritime Union (U.S.) --- NMU --- Ethnology --- Jamaicans --- Communists --- Social reformers --- Scandinavian Seamen's Club --- 20th. --- Afro-Caribbean. --- Communist. --- Ferdinand. --- Smith. --- activism. --- biography. --- black. --- century. --- dimensions. --- first. --- labor. --- leader. --- left. --- light. --- political. --- race. --- radicalism. --- shed. --- which.