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Small interfering RNA. --- piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) --- Piwi-interacting RNA --- Piwi protein-interacting RNA --- rasiRNA (Repeat-associated small interfering RNA) --- Repeat-associated siRNA --- Repeat-associated small interfering RNA --- Scan RNA --- scnRNA (Small scan RNA) --- Short hairpin RNA --- Short interfering RNA --- shRNA (Short hairpin RNA) --- siRNA (Small interfering RNA) --- Small hairpin RNA --- Small scan RNA --- tasiRNA (Trans-acting small interfering RNA) --- Trans-acting siRNA --- Trans-acting small interfering RNA --- Antisense RNA

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The past decade has witnessed a true revolution in our understanding of how RNA molecules can reduce or silence gene expression, a process that holds great promise in basic research and for antiviral and anticancer applications. In RNA Silencing: Methods and Protocols, many of the most notable and distinguished researchers in the field describe in step-by-step detail their best methods for the design, preparation, and use of RNAs to reduce gene expression in cells and organisms. The techniques range widely and include methods addressing the biochemical aspects of the silencing machinery, RNA silencing in non-mammalian organisms, and the in vivo delivery of siRNAs and silencing vectors. There are also techniques for designing, preparing, and using RNAs to silence gene expression, for fine-tuning regulation by targeting specific isoforms of a given gene, and for the study and use of microRNAs. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and state-of-the-art, RNA Silencing: Methods and Protocols offers today's laboratory investigators a host of optimized and validated techniques to study RNA silencing and translate its concepts into successful practical applications.

Gene expression regulation --- Gene silencing --- Micrornas --- Rna interference. --- Rna, small interfering --- Small interfering rna --- Genetics. --- Physiology. --- Small interfering RNA --- Gene inactivation --- Inactivation, Gene --- Silencing, Gene --- piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) --- Piwi-interacting RNA --- Piwi protein-interacting RNA --- rasiRNA (Repeat-associated small interfering RNA) --- Repeat-associated siRNA --- Repeat-associated small interfering RNA --- Scan RNA --- scnRNA (Small scan RNA) --- Short hairpin RNA --- Short interfering RNA --- shRNA (Short hairpin RNA) --- siRNA (Small interfering RNA) --- Small hairpin RNA --- Small scan RNA --- tasiRNA (Trans-acting small interfering RNA) --- Trans-acting siRNA --- Trans-acting small interfering RNA --- Genetic regulation --- Antisense RNA --- Cytology. --- Cell Biology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists

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Nearly 97% of the human genome is the non-coding DNA, which varies from one species to another, and changes in these sequences are frequently noticed to manifest clinical and circumstantial malfunction. Numerous non-protein-coding genes are recently found to encode microRNAs, which are responsible for RNA-mediated gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi)-like pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small single-stranded 17–25 nucleotide RNAs capable of interfering with intracellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that contain either complete or partial complementarity, are useful for the design of new therapies against cancer polymorphism and viral mutation. Currently over 1000 native miRNA species found in vertebrates and many more new miRNA homologs continue to be identified; however, most of their functions remain to be determined. In this book, many new perspectives of the miRNA research are reviewed and discussed, including their roles in stem cell maintenance, embryonic development, tissue differentiation, adult physiology, disease pathology, cancer research, viral infection, genetic engineering in plants, and utility in cosmetic applications. These new findings may not only provide significant insight into the various mechanisms of miRNAs but also offer a great opportunity in developing new therapeutic interventions.

Gene silencing. --- Small interfering RNA. --- piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) --- Piwi-interacting RNA --- Piwi protein-interacting RNA --- rasiRNA (Repeat-associated small interfering RNA) --- Repeat-associated siRNA --- Repeat-associated small interfering RNA --- Scan RNA --- scnRNA (Small scan RNA) --- Short hairpin RNA --- Short interfering RNA --- shRNA (Short hairpin RNA) --- siRNA (Small interfering RNA) --- Small hairpin RNA --- Small scan RNA --- tasiRNA (Trans-acting small interfering RNA) --- Trans-acting siRNA --- Trans-acting small interfering RNA --- Antisense RNA --- Gene inactivation --- Inactivation, Gene --- Silencing, Gene --- Genetic regulation --- Human genetics. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Biotechnology. --- Human Genetics. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Biomedicine general. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Nervous system --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Physical anthropology --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biology. --- Biomedicine, general. --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology

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MicroRNAs as the endogenous mediators of RNA interference have experienced an unprecedented career in recent years, highlighting their pathogenic, diagnostic and potential therapeutic relevance. Beside tissue microRNAs, they are also found in body fluids, most notably in blood. Significant differences of circulating microRNA levels have been found in various diseases, making them candidates for minimally invasive markers of disease, for example tumor malignancy. The book focuses on the potential diagnostic applicability of circulating microRNAs in various diseases and their potential biological significance.

Physiology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Small interfering RNA. --- Diagnosis. --- Diseases --- Examinations, Medical (Diagnosis) --- Medical diagnosis --- Medical examinations (Diagnosis) --- Medical tests (Diagnosis) --- piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) --- Piwi-interacting RNA --- Piwi protein-interacting RNA --- rasiRNA (Repeat-associated small interfering RNA) --- Repeat-associated siRNA --- Repeat-associated small interfering RNA --- Scan RNA --- scnRNA (Small scan RNA) --- Short hairpin RNA --- Short interfering RNA --- shRNA (Short hairpin RNA) --- siRNA (Small interfering RNA) --- Small hairpin RNA --- Small scan RNA --- tasiRNA (Trans-acting small interfering RNA) --- Trans-acting siRNA --- Trans-acting small interfering RNA --- Diagnosis --- Testing --- Medicine. --- Gene expression. --- Medical biochemistry. --- Nucleic acids. --- Biomedicine. --- Gene Expression. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Medical Biochemistry. --- Clinical medicine --- Prognosis --- Symptoms --- Antisense RNA --- Biochemistry. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Composition --- Expression --- Medical biochemistry --- Pathobiochemistry --- Pathological biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Pathology

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The discovery of microRNAs has revealed an unexpected and spectacular additional level of fine tuning of the genome and how genes are used again and again in different combinations to generate the complexity that underlies for instance the brain. Since the initial studies performed in C.elegans, we have gone a far way to begin to understand how microRNA pathways can have an impact on health and disease in human. Although microRNAs are abundantly expressed in the brain, relatively little is known about the multiple functions of these RNA molecules in the nervous system. Nevertheless, we know already that microRNA pathways play major roles in the proliferation, differentiation, function and maintenance of neuronal cells. Several intriguing studies have linked microRNAs as major regulators of the neuronal phenotype, and have implicated specific microRNAs in the regulation of synapse formation and plasticity. Dysfunction of microRNA pathways is also slowly emerging as a potential important contributor to the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These novel insights appear to be particular promising for the understanding of the very frequent and badly understood sporadic forms of these diseases as compared to the genetic forms. Thus, the better understanding of the implications of this novel field of molecular biology is crucial for the broad area of neurosciences, from the fundamental aspects to the clinic, and from novel diagnostic to potentially therapeutic applications for severe neurological and maybe psychiatric diseases.

Biomedicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Gene Expression. --- Medicine. --- Gene expression. --- Médecine --- Expression génique --- Neurosciences --- Academic collection --- MicroRNAs --- Synaptic Transmission --- Neurodegenerative Diseases --- Genetic Therapy. --- DNA Therapy --- Gene Therapy, Somatic --- Genetic Therapy, Gametic --- Genetic Therapy, Somatic --- Therapy, DNA --- Therapy, Gene --- Therapy, Somatic Gene --- Gene Therapy --- Somatic Gene Therapy --- Gametic Genetic Therapies --- Gametic Genetic Therapy --- Genetic Therapies --- Genetic Therapies, Gametic --- Genetic Therapies, Somatic --- Somatic Genetic Therapies --- Somatic Genetic Therapy --- Therapies, Gametic Genetic --- Therapies, Genetic --- Therapies, Somatic Genetic --- Therapy, Gametic Genetic --- Therapy, Genetic --- Therapy, Somatic Genetic --- Gene Transfer Techniques --- Genetic Services --- Genes, Transgenic, Suicide --- genetics. --- Academic collection - Academische collectie - Collection academique --- Genetic regulation --- Molecular neurobiology --- Neural transmission --- Small interfering RNA --- Genetic Therapy --- piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) --- Piwi-interacting RNA --- Piwi protein-interacting RNA --- rasiRNA (Repeat-associated small interfering RNA) --- Repeat-associated siRNA --- Repeat-associated small interfering RNA --- Scan RNA --- scnRNA (Small scan RNA) --- Short hairpin RNA --- Short interfering RNA --- shRNA (Short hairpin RNA) --- siRNA (Small interfering RNA) --- Small hairpin RNA --- Small scan RNA --- tasiRNA (Trans-acting small interfering RNA) --- Trans-acting siRNA --- Trans-acting small interfering RNA --- Antisense RNA --- Nerve transmission --- Nervous transmission --- Neurotransmission --- Synaptic transmission --- Transmission of nerve impulses --- Neural circuitry --- Neurophysiology --- Neurotransmitters --- Molecular neurology --- Nervous system --- Molecular biology --- Neurobiology --- Gene expression --- Gene expression regulation --- Gene regulation --- Biosynthesis --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Molecular genetics --- Disorders&delete& --- Gene therapy --- Genetic aspects --- genetics --- Molecular aspects --- Regulation --- Disorders