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Two of the most salient trends surrounding the issue of migration and development over the past two decades are the large rise in remittances, and an increased flow of skilled migration. However, recent literature based on cross-country regressions has claimed that more educated migrants remit less, leading to concerns that further increases in skilled migration will hamper remittance growth. This paper revisits the relationship between education and remitting behavior using microdata from surveys of immigrants in 11 major destination countries. The data show a mixed pattern between education and the likelihood of remitting, and a strong positive relationship between education and the amount remitted conditional on remitting. Combining these intensive and extensive margins gives an overall positive effect of education on the amount remitted. The microdata then allow investigation as to why the more educated remit more. The analysis finds that the higher income earned by migrants, rather than characteristics of their family situations, explains much of the higher remittances.

Brain Drain --- Consequences of migration --- Developing countries --- Educated Migrants --- Family members --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Illegal migrants --- Immigrant --- Immigrants --- Immigration --- Immigration policies --- Impact of education --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Migration --- Policy Research --- Population Policies --- Progress --- Remittance --- Remittances --- Skill level --- Skilled migrants --- Social Development --- Tertiary education

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The choice between temporary and permanent migration is today central to the design of migration policies. The authors draw a distinction between the two types of migration on the basis of the associated social cost and the dynamics of learning by migrants. They find that unilateral migration policies are globally inefficient because they lead to too much permanent migration and too little temporary and overall migration. Existing international agreements on labor mobility, such as the World Trade Organization's General Agreement on Trade in Services, have failed to do better because they seek primarily to induce host countries to make commitments to allow entry. Instead, Pareto gains and more liberal migration could be achieved through multilateral agreements that enable host countries to commit to repatriation.

Anthropology --- Brain Drain --- Brain-Drain --- Communities & Human Settlements --- Culture & Development --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Home Countries --- Host Countries --- Host Country --- Human Migrations and Resettlements --- Immigrants --- International Agreements --- Migrants --- Migration Policies --- Multilateral Agreements --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Population Policies --- Progress --- Remittances --- Repatriation --- Skill Level --- Skilled Workers --- Social Development --- Temporary Migration --- Training --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement

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This book presents valuable research results in the challenging field of systems (cyber)security. It is a reprint of the Information (MDPI, Basel) - Special Issue (SI) on Advanced Topics in Systems Safety and Security. The competitive review process of MDPI journals guarantees the quality of the presented concepts and results. The SI comprises high-quality papers focused on cutting-edge research topics in cybersecurity of computer networks and industrial control systems. The contributions presented in this book are mainly the extended versions of selected papers presented at the 7th and the 8th editions of the International Workshop on Systems Safety and Security—IWSSS. These two editions took place in Romania in 2019 and respectively in 2020. In addition to the selected papers from IWSSS, the special issue includes other valuable and relevant contributions. The papers included in this reprint discuss various subjects ranging from cyberattack or criminal activities detection, evaluation of the attacker skills, modeling of the cyber-attacks, and mobile application security evaluation. Given this diversity of topics and the scientific level of papers, we consider this book a valuable reference for researchers in the security and safety of systems.

Technology: general issues --- industrial control safety --- attack quantification --- common vulnerability scoring system --- attack tree --- distribution automation system --- Command and Control Citizen Security Center --- Command and Control Information System (C2IS) --- crime detection --- homeland security --- Android applications --- multi-threading --- operational semantics --- reverse engineering --- Smali+ --- cyber attack --- attacker --- attacker profile --- attacker behaviour --- metrics --- features --- attributes --- intelligent data analysis --- attack forecasting --- comparative review --- alert correlation --- attack evaluation --- attacker skill level --- attack prediction --- attack projection --- early-stage detection --- Bayesian network --- industrial control safety --- attack quantification --- common vulnerability scoring system --- attack tree --- distribution automation system --- Command and Control Citizen Security Center --- Command and Control Information System (C2IS) --- crime detection --- homeland security --- Android applications --- multi-threading --- operational semantics --- reverse engineering --- Smali+ --- cyber attack --- attacker --- attacker profile --- attacker behaviour --- metrics --- features --- attributes --- intelligent data analysis --- attack forecasting --- comparative review --- alert correlation --- attack evaluation --- attacker skill level --- attack prediction --- attack projection --- early-stage detection --- Bayesian network

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This book presents valuable research results in the challenging field of systems (cyber)security. It is a reprint of the Information (MDPI, Basel) - Special Issue (SI) on Advanced Topics in Systems Safety and Security. The competitive review process of MDPI journals guarantees the quality of the presented concepts and results. The SI comprises high-quality papers focused on cutting-edge research topics in cybersecurity of computer networks and industrial control systems. The contributions presented in this book are mainly the extended versions of selected papers presented at the 7th and the 8th editions of the International Workshop on Systems Safety and Security—IWSSS. These two editions took place in Romania in 2019 and respectively in 2020. In addition to the selected papers from IWSSS, the special issue includes other valuable and relevant contributions. The papers included in this reprint discuss various subjects ranging from cyberattack or criminal activities detection, evaluation of the attacker skills, modeling of the cyber-attacks, and mobile application security evaluation. Given this diversity of topics and the scientific level of papers, we consider this book a valuable reference for researchers in the security and safety of systems.

Technology: general issues --- industrial control safety --- attack quantification --- common vulnerability scoring system --- attack tree --- distribution automation system --- Command and Control Citizen Security Center --- Command and Control Information System (C2IS) --- crime detection --- homeland security --- Android applications --- multi-threading --- operational semantics --- reverse engineering --- Smali+ --- cyber attack --- attacker --- attacker profile --- attacker behaviour --- metrics --- features --- attributes --- intelligent data analysis --- attack forecasting --- comparative review --- alert correlation --- attack evaluation --- attacker skill level --- attack prediction --- attack projection --- early-stage detection --- Bayesian network

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The authors examine the role of migration networks in determining self-selection patterns of Mexico-U.S. migration. They first present a simple theoretical framework showing how such networks impact on migration incentives at different education levels and, consequently, how they are likely to affect the expected skill composition of migration. Using survey data from Mexico, the authors then show that the probability of migration is increasing with education in communities with low migrant networks, but decreasing with education in communities with high migrant networks. This is consistent with positive self-selection of migrants being driven by high migration costs, and with negative self-selection of migrants being driven by lower returns to education in the U.S. than in Mexico.

Anthropology --- Communities & Human Settlements --- Culture & Development --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Gender --- Gender and Social Development --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Human Migrations and Resettlements --- Immigrants --- Immigration --- Important Policy --- Income Inequality --- Industry --- International Migration --- Job Opportunities --- Labor Market --- Language Proficiency --- Migrant --- Migrants --- Migration --- Number of Migrants --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Population --- Population Policies --- Poverty --- Progress --- Respect --- Skill Level --- Social Development --- Technology Industry --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement