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History of philosophy --- Skepticism --- Scepticisme --- History --- Histoire --- Septicisme --- --Skeptic philosophy --- Philosophy, Ancient. --- Skeptic philosophy --- --Skepticism

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Macrobius, Ambrosius Aurelius Theodosius --- Neoplatonism --- Néo-platonisme --- 141.131 --- 186.4 --- Alexandrian school --- Church history --- Hellenism --- Philosophy --- Philosophy, Ancient --- Platonists --- Theosophy --- Platonisme. Neoplatonisme --- Philosophy & psychology Skeptic and Neoplatonic --- Macrobe --- Macrobio --- Macrobio, Ambrogio Teodosio --- Macrobius, Aur. Theodosius --- Macrobius, Aurelius Theodosius --- Macrobius Theodosius, Ambrosius --- Theodosius, Ambrosius Macrobius --- Neoplatonism. --- Macrobius, Ambrosius Aurelius Theodosius. --- 141.131 Platonisme. Neoplatonisme --- Néo-platonisme --- Primitive and early church

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Critical Thinking prepares students to thoughtfully interpret information and develop a sophisticated understanding of our increasingly complex and multi-mediated world. Peter M. Nardi's approach helps students sharpen their critical thinking skills and improve their analytical reasoning, enabling them to ward off gullibility, develop insightful skepticism, and ask the right questions about material online, in the mass media, or in scholarly publications. Students will learn to understand common errors in thinking; create reliable and valid research methodologies; understand social science concepts needed to make sense of popular and academic claims; and communicate, apply, and integrate the methods learned in both research and daily life. A companion website includes links to articles and books mentioned in the chapters, illustrative items, videos, and current news and research that elaborate on each chapter's key concepts.

Critical thinking. --- academic. --- analysis. --- analytical reasoning. --- asking questions. --- classroom. --- close reading. --- college. --- critical thinking. --- high school. --- key concepts. --- mass media. --- multi media. --- practical. --- reading skills. --- research methodologies. --- research methods. --- research skills. --- research. --- scholarly publications. --- scholarly. --- skeptic. --- skepticism. --- social science. --- students. --- study skills. --- university. --- useful. --- videos. --- writing skills.

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This is a major reinterpretation of ancient philosophy that recovers the long Greek and Roman tradition of philosophy as a complete way of life--and not simply an intellectual discipline. Distinguished philosopher John Cooper traces how, for many ancient thinkers, philosophy was not just to be studied or even used to solve particular practical problems. Rather, philosophy--not just ethics but even logic and physical theory--was literally to be lived. Yet there was great disagreement about how to live philosophically: philosophy was not one but many, mutually opposed, ways of life. Examining this tradition from its establishment by Socrates in the fifth century BCE through Plotinus in the third century CE and the eclipse of pagan philosophy by Christianity, Pursuits of Wisdom examines six central philosophies of living--Socratic, Aristotelian, Stoic, Epicurean, Skeptic, and the Platonist life of late antiquity. The book describes the shared assumptions that allowed these thinkers to conceive of their philosophies as ways of life, as well as the distinctive ideas that led them to widely different conclusions about the best human life. Clearing up many common misperceptions and simplifications, Cooper explains in detail the Socratic devotion to philosophical discussion about human nature, human life, and human good; the Aristotelian focus on the true place of humans within the total system of the natural world; the Stoic commitment to dutifully accepting Zeus's plans; the Epicurean pursuit of pleasure through tranquil activities that exercise perception, thought, and feeling; the Skeptical eschewal of all critical reasoning in forming their beliefs; and, finally, the late Platonist emphasis on spiritual concerns and the eternal realm of Being. Pursuits of Wisdom is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding what the great philosophers of antiquity thought was the true purpose of philosophy--and of life.

Conduct of life. --- Wisdom. --- Philosophy, Ancient. --- Ethics, Practical --- Morals --- Personal conduct --- Ethics --- Philosophical counseling --- Experience --- Intellect --- Learning and scholarship --- Reason --- Ancient philosophy --- Greek philosophy --- Philosophy, Greek --- Philosophy, Roman --- Roman philosophy --- Aristotelian life. --- Aristotle. --- Epicurean life. --- Epicurus. --- Hadot. --- Plato. --- Platonism. --- Platonist life. --- Plotinus. --- Pyrrhonian skepticism. --- Sextus Empiricus. --- Skeptic life. --- Socrates. --- Socratic knowledge. --- Socratic life. --- Stoic life. --- Stoicism. --- Stoics. --- ancient philosophy. --- biology. --- contemplative life. --- dialectic. --- ethics. --- happiness. --- human life. --- logic knowledge. --- logic. --- metaphysics. --- moral philosophy. --- physical theory. --- skeptics. --- virtues. --- wisdom.

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In this book, Ernest Sosa explains the nature of knowledge through an approach originated by him years ago, known as virtue epistemology. Here he provides the first comprehensive account of his views on epistemic normativity as a form of performance normativity on two levels. On a first level is found the normativity of the apt performance, whose success manifests the performer's competence. On a higher level is found the normativity of the meta-apt performance, which manifests not necessarily first-order skill or competence but rather the reflective good judgment required for proper risk assessment. Sosa develops this bi-level account in multiple ways, by applying it to issues much disputed in recent epistemology: epistemic agency, how knowledge is normatively related to action, the knowledge norm of assertion, and the Meno problem as to how knowledge exceeds merely true belief. A full chapter is devoted to how experience should be understood if it is to figure in the epistemic competence that must be manifest in the truth of any belief apt enough to constitute knowledge. Another takes up the epistemology of testimony from the performance-theoretic perspective. Two other chapters are dedicated to comparisons with ostensibly rival views, such as classical internalist foundationalism, a knowledge-first view, and attributor contextualism. The book concludes with a defense of the epistemic circularity inherent in meta-aptness and thereby in the full aptness of knowing full well.

Virtue epistemology. --- Epistemic virtue --- Epistemology, Virtue --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Virtue epistemology --- AAA normativity. --- AAA structure. --- Meno problem. --- Meno. --- Plato. --- Platonic problems. --- Theaetus. --- apprehension. --- assertion. --- awareness. --- belief. --- bootstrapping. --- circularity. --- contextualism. --- contextualist fallacy. --- epistemic agency. --- epistemic circularity. --- epistemic faculties. --- epistemic normativity. --- epistemic performances. --- epistemology. --- experience. --- experiential states. --- human knowledge. --- ignorance. --- interlocutors. --- knowledge first. --- knowledge. --- meta-aptness. --- normativity. --- perceptual knowledge. --- performance aims. --- performance based. --- performance normativity. --- proper action. --- propositional experience. --- radical knowledge. --- relevant alternatives. --- sensa. --- sense data. --- sensory experience. --- skeptic. --- testimonial knowledge. --- testimonies. --- testimony. --- threshold setting. --- traditional knowledge. --- true belief. --- trust. --- virtue epistemology. --- Ethics --- Philosophy