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Dissertation
Étude de la dynamique de la silice après la conversion d'une prairie permanente tempérée en plantation de bambou (Phyllostachys)
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2024 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Étant donné l’importance des éléments minéraux dans les écosystèmes et leur rôle crucial dans&#13;divers processus écologiques, il est essentiel de comprendre et de gérer leur dynamique. Parmi&#13;ces éléments, le silicium (Si) joue un rôle fondamental dans la nutrition des plantes et le cycle&#13;du carbone (C). Le présent travail se concentre sur la dynamique de la silice (SiO2) dans les&#13;sols ainsi que dans la biomasse de bambou. Un jardin botanique belge possédant des parcelles&#13;de bambou a été utilisé comme terrain expérimental. Des échantillons variés ont été prélevés,&#13;incluant des mesures de SiO2 dans la biomasse aérienne et souterraine des bambous, ainsi&#13;que dans le sol. L’étude visait à évaluer et comparer les stocks de SiO2 dans le sol et la&#13;biomasse, ainsi que les formes de Si dans différents tissus des bambous appartenant au même&#13;genre (Phyllostachys), en utilisant des méthodes analytiques et des images microscopiques au&#13;microscope électronique à balayage (MEB).&#13;Les résultats montrent que les stocks de SiO2 dans les bambous sont significativement plus&#13;faibles que dans la prairie, avec P. aureosulcata présentant le stock le plus bas, suivi de P. nigra&#13;et P. aurea. La conversion de la prairie en bambouseraie est identifiée comme la principale&#13;cause de cette diminution. La lixiviation et le lessivage des phytolithes pourraient expliquer ces&#13;différences. Les images MEB révèlent la présence de phytolithes et de dépôts de Si dans divers&#13;tissus, sans montrer de différences notables dans les formes de Si entre les espèces.&#13;Le mémoire suggère plusieurs perspectives pour des recherches futures, notamment la séparation&#13;des réservoirs de Si total, et l’évaluation des flux de Si à l’aide de lysimètres pour une meilleure&#13;compréhension des dynamiques de Si dans les écosystèmes de bambou.


Book
Beginning iPhone games development
Author:
ISBN: 1430225998 1430226005 Year: 2010 Publisher: [Berkeley, Calif.] : Apress,

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iPhone games are hot! Just look at the numbers. Games make up over 25 percent of total apps and over 70 percent of the most popular apps. Surprised? Of course not! Most of us have filled our iPhone or iPod touch with games, and many of us hope to develop the next best-selling, most talked-about game. You've probably already read and mastered Beginning iPhone 3 Development; Exploring the iPhone SDK, the best-selling second edition of Apress's highly acclaimed introduction to the iPhone and iPod touch by developers Dave Mark and Jeff LaMarche. This book is the game-specific equivalent, providing you with the same easy-to-follow, step-by-step approach, more deep technical insights, and that familiar friendly style. While games are all about fun, at the same time, they're serious business. With this Beginning iPhone Games Development book, you're going to roll up your sleeves and get your hands dirty with some hardcore coding. While you may have written games before, this book will take you further, immersing you in the following topics: Game graphics and animation with UIKit, Quartz, Core Animation, and OpenGL ES Game audio with OpenAL, MediaPlayer Framework, AV Foundation, and AudioSession Game networking with GameKit, Bonjour, and Internet sharing For those looking for iPad game development coverage and/or iOS 5 SDK specific game coverage, check out the published Beginning iOS 5 Games Development by Lucas Jordan from Apress.


Book
Nanoparticle-Reinforced Polymers
Author:
ISBN: 3039212842 3039212834 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book, a collection of 12 original contributions and 4 reviews, provides a selection of the most recent advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of polymeric nanocomposites comprising nanoparticles. The concept of nanoparticle-reinforced polymers came about three decades ago, following the outstanding discovery of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. One of the main ideas behind this approach is to improve the matrix mechanical performance. The nanoparticles exhibit higher specific surface area, surface energy, and density compared to microparticles and, hence, lower nanofiller concentrations are needed to attain properties comparable to, or even better than, those obtained by conventional microfiller loadings, which facilitates processing and minimizes the increase in composite weight. The addition of nanoparticles into different polymer matrices opens up an important research area in the field of composite materials. Moreover, many different types of inorganic nanoparticles, such as quantum dots, metal oxides, and ceramic and metallic nanoparticles, have been incorporated into polymers for their application in a wide range of fields, ranging from medicine to photovoltaics, packaging, and structural applications.

Keywords

graphene oxide --- n/a --- latex compounding method --- gold nanoparticles --- ratiometric temperature sensing --- catalysis --- conjugated polymer nanoparticles --- carrier transport --- polymer-NP interface --- nanocomposites --- polyethylene --- structure-property relationship --- chemical and physical interface --- SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposite --- nanoparticles --- separation --- conductive polymer --- clays --- organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) --- nanocomposite --- molecular chain motion --- nanosheets --- morphology --- metal oxides --- hybrid hydrogels --- gas barrier properties --- nanomaterials --- in situ synthesis --- mechanical properties --- power cable insulation --- inorganic nanotubes --- surface modification of silica --- optoelectronic properties --- layered structures --- sol–gel --- nano-hybrids --- fluorescent assay --- N-isopropylacrylamide --- bismaleimide --- electrical property --- solar cell --- N-isopropylmethacrylamide --- SiO2 microspheres --- PFO/MEH-PPV hybrids --- power-conversion efficiency --- in-situ synthesis --- electrical breakdown --- active layer --- crystallization kinetics --- polypropylene nanocomposite --- electric energy storage --- silver ions --- composite membrane --- carbon nanoparticles --- graphene --- composites --- electrode --- reduced graphene oxide --- selective adsorption --- thermoresponsive hyperbranched polymer --- colorimetric sensor --- FRET --- polymers --- graphene-like WS2 --- polymer-matrix composites --- thermoplastic nanocomposite --- fluorescence resonance energy transfer --- PHBV --- melamine --- Ag nanoparticles --- adhesion --- chain topology --- interfacial layer --- silica/NR composite --- sol-gel


Book
Advances in Pyrometallurgy
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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There are several major megatrends having an impact on pyrometallurgical metal processing. The steadily growing demand for all metals is strengthened by the emergence of electrical vehicles (EV), which brings a high need for battery metals, but additionally, a significant increase in copper consumption. Even if only moderate forecasts for the number of the EVs become true, production of the base metals must increase by tens of percentages, or even more than double. At the same time, pyrometallurgical processes have to produce fewer side products, such as slag, and maintain the quality level of the primary product, although raw material mixtures are increasingly complex and new elements are entering the processes in secondary raw materials. Therefore, it is imperative to continue the development of pyrometallurgical processes more efficiently and productively, while still improving their selectivity regarding slagging the unwanted material and recovering the desired elements. This Special Issue is for current advances in the pyrometallurgical processing of metals, including all aspects, namely, the basic unit processes and operations in a smelter, metallurgical engineering, furnace integrity, cooling systems, modelling, slag and offgas handling, to name a few. A collection of 13 papers deal with ferrous and ferroalloy development, and the processing of different raw materials for metal production.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- blast furnace slag --- TiO2 --- titanium carbonitride --- viscosity --- limonite --- magnetization reduction roasting --- rotary kiln --- deposit --- fayalite --- FeO --- liquid phase --- medium manganese steel --- spinel inclusions --- Ce treatment --- modification mechanism --- copper concentrate --- pyrometallurgy --- flash smelting --- combustion --- classification --- spectroscopy --- PCA --- SIMCA --- PLS-DA --- k-NN --- support vector machines --- scandium --- master alloys --- aluminum alloys --- metallothermy --- vacuum induction melting --- factsage --- nickel laterite --- non-melting reducing --- sodium chloride --- magnetic separation --- garnierite --- vacuum carbothermal reduction --- mechanism --- CaF2 --- recovery --- devolatilization --- torrefied biomass --- bio-coal --- volatile matter --- reduction --- blast furnace --- multistage and deep reduction --- low-oxygen high titanium ferroalloy --- inclusions --- melt separation --- slag-metal separation --- hearth drainage --- iron and slag flow --- interface phenomena --- CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag system --- distribution ratio of phosphorus --- dephosphorization --- n·2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution --- B2O3 --- vanadium–titanium sintering --- metallurgical properties --- microstructures --- Søderberg electrodes --- submerged arc furnace (SAF) --- ferro-alloy production --- ferrochrome --- electrical resistivity --- degree of graphitisation --- bulk density --- porosity --- compressive breaking strength


Book
Functional Ceramic Coatings
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Ceramic materials in the form of coatings can significantly improve the functionality and applications of other engineering materials. Due to a wide range of controllable features and various deposition methods, it is possible to create tailored substrate–coating systems that meet the requirements of modern technologies. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the relationships between the structures, morphology and the properties of ceramic coatings and expand the base of scientific knowledge about them. This book contains a series of fourteen articles which present research on the production and properties of ceramic coatings designed to improve functionality for advanced applications.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- photocatalytic coatings --- solidification --- plasma spraying --- TiO2 --- microstructure --- LDPE --- RF CVD --- doped DLC structure --- wettability --- biocompatibility --- ceramic coating --- anti-oxidation --- SiO2@Al additive --- carbon steel --- calcium hydroxyapatite --- sol-gel synthesis --- thin films --- spin coating --- surface roughness --- simulated body fluid --- SiO2 coatings --- sol-gel --- Zn doping --- antibacterial coatings --- hydrophobic coatings --- Ni–Cr alloy --- Ti(C, N) coatings --- ion release --- atmospheric plasma spraying --- Al2O3 --- Cr2O3 --- sliding wear --- phase transformation --- reactivity --- sol-gel coating --- corrosion resistance --- cells viability --- hydrophilic coating --- nitriding --- low friction --- piston ring --- micron-/nano-grain coatings --- nanoindentation size effect --- trans-scale mechanics theory --- SiC coatings --- oxide fibers --- chemical vapor deposition --- deposition mechanism --- thickness control --- silicon carbon-nitride --- silicone carbon-oxide --- PECVD method --- inhomogeneous optical filters --- gradient interference filters --- organosilicon precursors --- alumina coating --- sol–gel --- composite coating --- graphene oxide --- graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) --- rGO --- adiabatic shear instability (ASI) --- cold spray --- titanium dioxide --- bonding mechanism --- adhesion strength --- substrate deformation --- amorphous interface layer --- n/a --- Ni-Cr alloy


Book
Advances in Pyrometallurgy
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

There are several major megatrends having an impact on pyrometallurgical metal processing. The steadily growing demand for all metals is strengthened by the emergence of electrical vehicles (EV), which brings a high need for battery metals, but additionally, a significant increase in copper consumption. Even if only moderate forecasts for the number of the EVs become true, production of the base metals must increase by tens of percentages, or even more than double. At the same time, pyrometallurgical processes have to produce fewer side products, such as slag, and maintain the quality level of the primary product, although raw material mixtures are increasingly complex and new elements are entering the processes in secondary raw materials. Therefore, it is imperative to continue the development of pyrometallurgical processes more efficiently and productively, while still improving their selectivity regarding slagging the unwanted material and recovering the desired elements. This Special Issue is for current advances in the pyrometallurgical processing of metals, including all aspects, namely, the basic unit processes and operations in a smelter, metallurgical engineering, furnace integrity, cooling systems, modelling, slag and offgas handling, to name a few. A collection of 13 papers deal with ferrous and ferroalloy development, and the processing of different raw materials for metal production.

Keywords

blast furnace slag --- TiO2 --- titanium carbonitride --- viscosity --- limonite --- magnetization reduction roasting --- rotary kiln --- deposit --- fayalite --- FeO --- liquid phase --- medium manganese steel --- spinel inclusions --- Ce treatment --- modification mechanism --- copper concentrate --- pyrometallurgy --- flash smelting --- combustion --- classification --- spectroscopy --- PCA --- SIMCA --- PLS-DA --- k-NN --- support vector machines --- scandium --- master alloys --- aluminum alloys --- metallothermy --- vacuum induction melting --- factsage --- nickel laterite --- non-melting reducing --- sodium chloride --- magnetic separation --- garnierite --- vacuum carbothermal reduction --- mechanism --- CaF2 --- recovery --- devolatilization --- torrefied biomass --- bio-coal --- volatile matter --- reduction --- blast furnace --- multistage and deep reduction --- low-oxygen high titanium ferroalloy --- inclusions --- melt separation --- slag-metal separation --- hearth drainage --- iron and slag flow --- interface phenomena --- CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag system --- distribution ratio of phosphorus --- dephosphorization --- n·2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution --- B2O3 --- vanadium–titanium sintering --- metallurgical properties --- microstructures --- Søderberg electrodes --- submerged arc furnace (SAF) --- ferro-alloy production --- ferrochrome --- electrical resistivity --- degree of graphitisation --- bulk density --- porosity --- compressive breaking strength


Book
Functional Ceramic Coatings
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Ceramic materials in the form of coatings can significantly improve the functionality and applications of other engineering materials. Due to a wide range of controllable features and various deposition methods, it is possible to create tailored substrate–coating systems that meet the requirements of modern technologies. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the relationships between the structures, morphology and the properties of ceramic coatings and expand the base of scientific knowledge about them. This book contains a series of fourteen articles which present research on the production and properties of ceramic coatings designed to improve functionality for advanced applications.


Book
Functional Ceramic Coatings
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Ceramic materials in the form of coatings can significantly improve the functionality and applications of other engineering materials. Due to a wide range of controllable features and various deposition methods, it is possible to create tailored substrate–coating systems that meet the requirements of modern technologies. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the relationships between the structures, morphology and the properties of ceramic coatings and expand the base of scientific knowledge about them. This book contains a series of fourteen articles which present research on the production and properties of ceramic coatings designed to improve functionality for advanced applications.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- photocatalytic coatings --- solidification --- plasma spraying --- TiO2 --- microstructure --- LDPE --- RF CVD --- doped DLC structure --- wettability --- biocompatibility --- ceramic coating --- anti-oxidation --- SiO2@Al additive --- carbon steel --- calcium hydroxyapatite --- sol-gel synthesis --- thin films --- spin coating --- surface roughness --- simulated body fluid --- SiO2 coatings --- sol-gel --- Zn doping --- antibacterial coatings --- hydrophobic coatings --- Ni-Cr alloy --- Ti(C, N) coatings --- ion release --- atmospheric plasma spraying --- Al2O3 --- Cr2O3 --- sliding wear --- phase transformation --- reactivity --- sol-gel coating --- corrosion resistance --- cells viability --- hydrophilic coating --- nitriding --- low friction --- piston ring --- micron-/nano-grain coatings --- nanoindentation size effect --- trans-scale mechanics theory --- SiC coatings --- oxide fibers --- chemical vapor deposition --- deposition mechanism --- thickness control --- silicon carbon-nitride --- silicone carbon-oxide --- PECVD method --- inhomogeneous optical filters --- gradient interference filters --- organosilicon precursors --- alumina coating --- sol-gel --- composite coating --- graphene oxide --- graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) --- rGO --- adiabatic shear instability (ASI) --- cold spray --- titanium dioxide --- bonding mechanism --- adhesion strength --- substrate deformation --- amorphous interface layer --- photocatalytic coatings --- solidification --- plasma spraying --- TiO2 --- microstructure --- LDPE --- RF CVD --- doped DLC structure --- wettability --- biocompatibility --- ceramic coating --- anti-oxidation --- SiO2@Al additive --- carbon steel --- calcium hydroxyapatite --- sol-gel synthesis --- thin films --- spin coating --- surface roughness --- simulated body fluid --- SiO2 coatings --- sol-gel --- Zn doping --- antibacterial coatings --- hydrophobic coatings --- Ni-Cr alloy --- Ti(C, N) coatings --- ion release --- atmospheric plasma spraying --- Al2O3 --- Cr2O3 --- sliding wear --- phase transformation --- reactivity --- sol-gel coating --- corrosion resistance --- cells viability --- hydrophilic coating --- nitriding --- low friction --- piston ring --- micron-/nano-grain coatings --- nanoindentation size effect --- trans-scale mechanics theory --- SiC coatings --- oxide fibers --- chemical vapor deposition --- deposition mechanism --- thickness control --- silicon carbon-nitride --- silicone carbon-oxide --- PECVD method --- inhomogeneous optical filters --- gradient interference filters --- organosilicon precursors --- alumina coating --- sol-gel --- composite coating --- graphene oxide --- graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) --- rGO --- adiabatic shear instability (ASI) --- cold spray --- titanium dioxide --- bonding mechanism --- adhesion strength --- substrate deformation --- amorphous interface layer


Book
Advances in Pyrometallurgy
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

There are several major megatrends having an impact on pyrometallurgical metal processing. The steadily growing demand for all metals is strengthened by the emergence of electrical vehicles (EV), which brings a high need for battery metals, but additionally, a significant increase in copper consumption. Even if only moderate forecasts for the number of the EVs become true, production of the base metals must increase by tens of percentages, or even more than double. At the same time, pyrometallurgical processes have to produce fewer side products, such as slag, and maintain the quality level of the primary product, although raw material mixtures are increasingly complex and new elements are entering the processes in secondary raw materials. Therefore, it is imperative to continue the development of pyrometallurgical processes more efficiently and productively, while still improving their selectivity regarding slagging the unwanted material and recovering the desired elements. This Special Issue is for current advances in the pyrometallurgical processing of metals, including all aspects, namely, the basic unit processes and operations in a smelter, metallurgical engineering, furnace integrity, cooling systems, modelling, slag and offgas handling, to name a few. A collection of 13 papers deal with ferrous and ferroalloy development, and the processing of different raw materials for metal production.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- blast furnace slag --- TiO2 --- titanium carbonitride --- viscosity --- limonite --- magnetization reduction roasting --- rotary kiln --- deposit --- fayalite --- FeO --- liquid phase --- medium manganese steel --- spinel inclusions --- Ce treatment --- modification mechanism --- copper concentrate --- pyrometallurgy --- flash smelting --- combustion --- classification --- spectroscopy --- PCA --- SIMCA --- PLS-DA --- k-NN --- support vector machines --- scandium --- master alloys --- aluminum alloys --- metallothermy --- vacuum induction melting --- factsage --- nickel laterite --- non-melting reducing --- sodium chloride --- magnetic separation --- garnierite --- vacuum carbothermal reduction --- mechanism --- CaF2 --- recovery --- devolatilization --- torrefied biomass --- bio-coal --- volatile matter --- reduction --- blast furnace --- multistage and deep reduction --- low-oxygen high titanium ferroalloy --- inclusions --- melt separation --- slag-metal separation --- hearth drainage --- iron and slag flow --- interface phenomena --- CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag system --- distribution ratio of phosphorus --- dephosphorization --- n·2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution --- B2O3 --- vanadium–titanium sintering --- metallurgical properties --- microstructures --- Søderberg electrodes --- submerged arc furnace (SAF) --- ferro-alloy production --- ferrochrome --- electrical resistivity --- degree of graphitisation --- bulk density --- porosity --- compressive breaking strength --- blast furnace slag --- TiO2 --- titanium carbonitride --- viscosity --- limonite --- magnetization reduction roasting --- rotary kiln --- deposit --- fayalite --- FeO --- liquid phase --- medium manganese steel --- spinel inclusions --- Ce treatment --- modification mechanism --- copper concentrate --- pyrometallurgy --- flash smelting --- combustion --- classification --- spectroscopy --- PCA --- SIMCA --- PLS-DA --- k-NN --- support vector machines --- scandium --- master alloys --- aluminum alloys --- metallothermy --- vacuum induction melting --- factsage --- nickel laterite --- non-melting reducing --- sodium chloride --- magnetic separation --- garnierite --- vacuum carbothermal reduction --- mechanism --- CaF2 --- recovery --- devolatilization --- torrefied biomass --- bio-coal --- volatile matter --- reduction --- blast furnace --- multistage and deep reduction --- low-oxygen high titanium ferroalloy --- inclusions --- melt separation --- slag-metal separation --- hearth drainage --- iron and slag flow --- interface phenomena --- CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5 slag system --- distribution ratio of phosphorus --- dephosphorization --- n·2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution --- B2O3 --- vanadium–titanium sintering --- metallurgical properties --- microstructures --- Søderberg electrodes --- submerged arc furnace (SAF) --- ferro-alloy production --- ferrochrome --- electrical resistivity --- degree of graphitisation --- bulk density --- porosity --- compressive breaking strength


Book
Nanoparticle-Macrophage Interactions : Implications for Nanosafety and Nanomedicine
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3036546006 3036545999 Year: 2022 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Nanoparticles (NPs) offer unique properties for biomedical applications, leading to new nanomedicines. Recent examples of advanced nanoparticle-based nanomedicines are COVID-19 RNA vaccines. Regardless of the delivery route of the NPs into the body (intravenous or subcutaneous injection, oral, intranasal, etc.), NPs inevitably come into contact with immune cells, such as macrophages. Macrophages are phagocytizing cells that determine the fate and the lifetime of NPs in relevant biological fluids or tissues, which has consequences for both nanosafety and nanomedicine. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover recent advancements in our understanding of NP–macrophage interactions, with a focus on in vitro models for nanosafety and novel nanomedicine approaches that allow the modulation of the immunological profile of macrophages. The current Special Issue compiles nine papers: seven research articles and two review articles. The original articles include studies on the interaction of different nanomaterials, such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), amorphous silica, gold nanoparticles, lipid carriers, and microspheres, with macrophages in different scenarios.

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