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Measuring shareholder value has become crucial in the current economic environment, especially following the consistent pressure from institutional shareholders on companies to create shareholder value in an adverse economic environment. Maximizing the company's value will make the company less appealing to hostile takeovers. Takeovers are a capital market mechanism designed to control the conflicts of interest between shareholders and managers of the company. In this study, we will examine the best methods used in measuring shareholder value and, furthermore, explore the process of shareholder value creation in the years prior and following the creeping takeover of Ivanhoe Mines by Rio Tinto Plc. We have based our study on data and ratio analytics from ThomsonONE (Reuters), information that is publicly available through press releases, analyst coverage, and financial news. Our study includes an in-depth analysis of the creeping takeover of Ivanhoe Mines by Rio Tinto Plc. Ivanhoe Mines' discovery of Oyu Tolgoi Project will leave a most impressive legacy to the Mongolian people. Ever since the discovery of Oyu Tolgoi, the city of Ulan Bator has been growing and Mongolia has posted increasing annual gross domestic product with a growth rate of 11.50 percent for the year 2013 alone.
Stockholder wealth. --- Aĭvenkhou Maĭnz Mongolia, Ink. --- Rio Tinto PLC. --- added shareholder value --- cost of equity --- created shareholder value --- equity market value --- Ivanhoe Mines --- optimal capital structure --- Oyu Tolgoi --- required return --- Rio Tinto Plc --- shareholder return --- valuation using multiples
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Im Rahmen des Shareholder-Value-Konzepts soll durch erfolgsabhängige Entlohnungsverträge sichergestellt werden, dass Führungskräfte ihre Handlungen und Entscheidungen trotz Informationsvorsprüngen und Interessendivergenzen am Ziel der Unternehmenswertsteigerung ausrichten. Als Bemessungsgrundlage für die variable Entlohnung wählen dabei viele Unternehmen Erfolgskennzahlen des Rechnungswesens. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie der Periodenerfolg zu definieren ist, damit rechnungswesenbasierte Entlohnungsverträge Anreize für optimale Investitionsentscheidungen bieten. Hierbei werden neben «normalen» Investitionen auch Projekte mit Optionscharakter betrachtet, bei denen flexible Investitionsstrategien zu entwerfen und zu bewerten sind.
Analyse --- Anreizsystem --- Berücksichtigung --- Crasselt --- Entgeltsystem --- Führungskraft --- Gabriel --- Investitionsentscheidung --- Investitionssteuerung --- Managemententlohnung --- Nils --- Realoption --- Realoptionen --- Roland --- Shareholder-Value-Analyse --- Unternehmensrechnung --- Wertorientierte
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Im Rahmen des Shareholder-Value-Konzepts soll durch erfolgsabhängige Entlohnungsverträge sichergestellt werden, dass Führungskräfte ihre Handlungen und Entscheidungen trotz Informationsvorsprüngen und Interessendivergenzen am Ziel der Unternehmenswertsteigerung ausrichten. Als Bemessungsgrundlage für die variable Entlohnung wählen dabei viele Unternehmen Erfolgskennzahlen des Rechnungswesens. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie der Periodenerfolg zu definieren ist, damit rechnungswesenbasierte Entlohnungsverträge Anreize für optimale Investitionsentscheidungen bieten. Hierbei werden neben «normalen» Investitionen auch Projekte mit Optionscharakter betrachtet, bei denen flexible Investitionsstrategien zu entwerfen und zu bewerten sind.
Analyse --- Anreizsystem --- Berücksichtigung --- Crasselt --- Entgeltsystem --- Führungskraft --- Gabriel --- Investitionsentscheidung --- Investitionssteuerung --- Managemententlohnung --- Nils --- Realoption --- Realoptionen --- Roland --- Shareholder-Value-Analyse --- Unternehmensrechnung --- Wertorientierte
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This book describes the failure of a 30 year old policy experiment with competition and markets and proposes a new experiment in social licensing of foundational activities. The repeated failure of that old experiment in subjecting the basics of everyday life to competition is conclusively demonstrated by detailed case studies of three sectors - broadband, food supply and retail banking - where private sector business models realise point value for corporations at the expense of underinvestment, damaged supply chains and gouged customers. The radical move is then to change the frame and envisage a new experiment. The three sectors are only part of a much larger foundational economy, producing mundane goods and services which form the basis of civilised life. In this sheltered zone, firms and sectors enjoy privileges which bring profit. The book argues for a new experiment in social licensing whereby the right to trade in foundational activities would be dependent on the discharge of social obligations in the form of sourcing, training and living wages. This argument for reframing economic policy choices comes from a team of researchers and policy advocates based at the Centre for Research on Socio Cultural Change who blog as Manchester Capitalism. Their book combines rigour and readability so that it is relevant to all those - practitioners, policy makers, academics and engaged citizens - who are looking for new possibilities of action which can start a process of learning about a better way of organising the fundamentals of economic life. It offers a way out of the current impasse.
Competition --- Great Britain --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- E-books --- 30 year policy experiments. --- British economy. --- broadband. --- central government. --- financial crisis. --- fixed line. --- food supply. --- national disease. --- political engagement. --- political responsibility. --- privatisation. --- retail banking. --- shareholder value. --- socially-licensed policies. --- supermarket chain. --- telecommunications.
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What responsibility, if any, does a corporation have to society? How should corporations balance environmental, social, and governance factors? The Profit Motive addresses these questions of corporate purpose using historical, legal, and economic perspectives. Stephen M. Bainbridge enters the debate around corporate social responsibility to mount an unabashed defense of shareholder capitalism and maximizing shareholder value. The book offers context for the current questions about corporate purpose, and provides a reference going forward. Direct and corrective, The Profit Motive argues that shareholder value maximization is not only required by law, but what the law ought to require.
Corporation law --- Stockholder wealth --- Philosophy. --- Shareholder value --- Shareholder wealth --- Shareholders' value --- Shareholders' wealth --- Stockholders' wealth --- Wealth --- Stocks --- Company law --- Corporate law --- Corporations --- Law, Corporation --- Trusts, Industrial --- Commercial law --- Prices --- Law and legislation --- Law --- Commercial law. Economic law (general) --- kapitalisme --- vennootschapsrecht --- aandeelhouders
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The role of the hostile activist shareholder has been taken up by a set of hedge funds. Hedge fund activism is characterized by mergers and corporate restructuring, replacement of management and board members, proxy voting, and lobbying of management. These investors target and research companies, take large positions in their stock, criticize their business plans and governance practices, and confront their managers, demanding action enhancing shareholder value. This book analyses the impact of activists on the companies that they invest, the effects on shareholders and on activists funds themselves. Chapters examine such topic as investors' strategic approaches, the financial returns they produce, and the regulatory frameworks within which they operate. The chapters also provide historical context, both of activist investment and institutional shareholder passivity. The volume facilitates a comparison between the US and the EU, juxtaposing not only regulatory patterns but investment styles.-- Back cover.
Actionnaires. --- Analyse comparative. --- Corporate Governance. --- Corporate governance --- Corporations --- EU-Staaten. --- Fonds spéculatif. --- Gouvernance d'entreprise. --- Hedge Fund. --- Hedge funds --- Hedgefonds. --- Institutioneller Anleger. --- Institutioneller Investor. --- Private Equity. --- Private equity --- Regulierung. --- Réglementation. --- Shareholder Value. --- UE/CE Etats membres. --- USA. --- Vergleich. --- Law and legislation. --- Investor relations. --- Etats-Unis d'Amérique.
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The Great Recession not only shook Americans' economic faith but also prompted powerful critiques of economic institutions. This timely book explores three movements that gathered force after 2008: the rise of the benefit corporation, which requires social responsibility and eschews share price as the best metric for success; the emergence of a new group, Slow Money, that fosters peer-to-peer investing; and the 2011 Wisconsin protests against a bill restricting the union rights of state workers. Each case shows how the concrete actions of a group of citizens can prompt us to reflect on what is needed for a just and sustainable economic system. In one case, activists raised questions about the responsibilities of business, in the second about the significance of local economies, and in the third about the contributions of the public sector. Through these movements, Jane L. Collins maps a set of cultural conversations about the types of investments and activities that contribute to the health of the economy. Compelling and persuasive, The Politics of Value offers a new framework for viewing economic value, one grounded in thoughtful assessment of the social division of labor and the relationship of the state and the market to civil society.
Economics --- Value. --- Value --- Social responsibility of business. --- Social movements --- Common good --- Sociological aspects. --- Political aspects. --- Social aspects. --- History --- Economic aspects. --- Great Recession. --- Slow Money. --- Wisconsin Uprising. --- austerity politics. --- benefit corporations. --- corporate governance. --- economic value. --- public sector. --- shareholder value. --- Segle XXI --- Estats Units d'Amèrica
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May 2000 - Using the word capital to represent two different concepts is not such a problem when government is responsible for only a small fraction of national investment and is reasonably effective (as in the United States). But when government is a major investor and is ineffective, the gap between capital and cumulative, depreciated investment effort (CUDIE) may be enormous. A public sector steel mill may absorb billions as an investment, but if it cannot produce steel it has zero value as capital. The cost of public investment is not the value of public capital. Unlike for private investors, there is no remotely plausible behavioral model of the government as investor that suggests that every dollar the public sector spends as investment creates capital in an economic sense. This seemingly obvious point has so far been uniformly ignored in the voluminous empirical literature on economic growth, which uses, at best, cumulated, depreciated investment effort (CUDIE) to estimate capital stocks. But in developing countries especially, the difference between investment cumulated at cost and capital value is of primary empirical importance: government investment is half or more of total investment. And perhaps as much as half or more of government investment spending has not created equivalent capital. This suggests that nearly everything empirical written in three broad areas is misguided. First, none of the estimates of the impact of public spending identify the productivity of public capital. Even where public capital could be very productive, regressions and evaluations may suggest that public investment spending has little impact. Second, everything currently said about total factor productivity in developing countries is deeply suspect, as there is no way empirically to distinguish between low output (or growth) attributable to investments that created no factors and low output (or growth) attributable to low (or slow growth in) productivity in using accumulated factors. Third, multivariate growth regressions to date have not, in fact, controlled for the growth of capital stock, so spurious interpretations have emerged. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the importance of public sector actions for economic growth.
Accumulation --- Assets --- Capital --- Commodity Prices --- Cost Of Capital --- Debt Markets --- Disclosure --- Economic Growth --- Economic Theory and Research --- Emerging Markets --- Expected Value --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Investment --- Investment and Investment Climate --- Investment Flows --- Investment Spending --- Investments --- Labor Policies --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Non Bank Financial Institutions --- Ownership --- Private Capital --- Private Investors --- Private Sector Development --- Productive Capital --- Profitability --- Public Investment --- Public Sector Economics and Finance --- Share --- Shareholder Value --- Social Protections and Labor --- Value
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"An accessible guide to the essential issues of corporate finance While you can find numerous books focused on the topic of corporate finance, few offer the type of information managers need to help them make important decisions day in and day out. Value explores the core of corporate finance without getting bogged down in numbers and is intended to give managers an accessible guide to both the foundations and applications of corporate finance. Filled with in-depth insights from experts at McKinsey & Company, this reliable resource takes a much more qualitative approach to what the authors consider a lost art. Discusses the four foundational principles of corporate finance. Effectively applies the theory of value creation to our economy. Examines ways to maintain and grow value through mergers, acquisitions, and portfolio management. Addresses how to ensure your company has the right governance, performance measurement, and internal discussions to encourage value-creating decisions. A perfect companion to the Fifth Edition of Valuation, this book will put the various issues associated with corporate finance in perspective"--
Corporations --- Stockholder wealth. --- Finance. --- Valuation. --- Stockholder wealth --- 333.613 --- 339.42 --- 380.1 --- 658.40 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Shareholder value --- Shareholder wealth --- Shareholders' value --- Shareholders' wealth --- Stockholders' wealth --- Wealth --- Stocks --- Business finance --- Capitalization (Finance) --- Corporate finance --- Corporate financial management --- Corporation finance --- Financial analysis of corporations --- Financial management, Corporate --- Financial management of corporations --- Financial planning of corporations --- Managerial finance --- Going public (Securities) --- Finance --- Valuation --- Activiteiten van de nationale en internationale markten. Beursnoteringen van aandelen en obligaties --- Financiële analyse --- Waardeleer --- Financieel beheer van de bedrijven: algemeenheden --- Prices
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"Restarting the Future argues that the big economic challenges facing the world are the result of our failure to deal with the implications of an economy dependent on knowledge, ideas and relationships. It examines why making this transition is so hard, and looks at ways forward in the fields of public policy, business and finance. The troubling state of rich-world economies (low productivity growth, high inequality, populist instability, climate crisis) is significantly the result of the troubled and incomplete shift to a new type of economy - specifically, the move from an economy dependent on tangible capital to one dependent on intangible capital. At the heart of the problem is a significant slowdown in the pace of intangible investment since the financial crisis. (There were some early signs of this at the time the authors were writing their previous book, Capitalism without Capital, but new data now makes the severity and persistence of this slowdown clear.) This slowdown has happened because we lack the right institutions and strategies to encourage intangible investment and channel it effectively. What is more, there are significant groups with an interest in stopping these new institutions emerging. Contrary to the dominant narrative that focuses on the tension between a successful, future-facing "elite" and a mass of low-status "left-behinds", the authors argue that many of the people and organisations with an interest in holding back the future are affluent and high-status, including affluent retirees, established financial institutions and graduate knowledge workers. Haskel & Westlake survey attempts to fix these institutional problems, explaining how they work in the context of the intangible economy, and what the upside to solving them might be. They describe interesting and topical policy experiments and business strategies (such as Preston's Local Economic Strategy, or topical new business models like WeWork and CloudKitchens) and set them in a novel economic context. (Specifically, these sections look at city policy, business finance and investment, public investment, competition policy, monetary policy, mitigating climate change and business strategies for tangible-based firms. The authors close the book with a political programme for how to get over the teething troubles of the new economy"--
Business planning. --- Intangible property --- Intellectual capital --- Investments. --- Organizational change. --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economics / General. --- Economic aspects. --- Management. --- Access IS. --- Advocacy group. --- Agriculture (Chinese mythology). --- Agriculture. --- Anecdotal evidence. --- Angel investor. --- Asset. --- Balance of trade. --- Balance sheet. --- Benjamin Graham. --- Blurred Lines. --- Business model. --- Central bank. --- Certification. --- Cess. --- Circumstantial evidence. --- Commercial bank. --- Credit risk. --- Crowdfunding. --- Customer. --- Debenture. --- Debt. --- Dispute (credit card). --- Donald Trump. --- Douglass North. --- Drug discovery. --- Economic growth. --- Economist. --- Economy. --- Electric field. --- Emerging technologies. --- Employment. --- Entrepreneurship. --- Estimation. --- Financial crisis. --- Financial institution. --- Financial regulation. --- Financier. --- Fiscal policy. --- Funding. --- Further education. --- G. (novel). --- Goodhart's law. --- Goods and services. --- Government bond. --- Government procurement. --- Grow the Pie (phrase). --- Housing association. --- Impurity. --- Income. --- Industry Group. --- Institution. --- Intangible Cost. --- Intangible asset. --- Intellectual property. --- Interest rate. --- Investment. --- Legal monopoly. --- Liberal elite. --- Macroeconomics. --- Magnetic reconnection. --- Nonlinear system. --- Northern Italy. --- Patent thicket. --- Patent troll. --- Payment. --- Personal protective equipment. --- Perverse incentive. --- Physical change. --- Politician. --- Popularity. --- Populism. --- Pricing. --- Real estate appraisal. --- Regulatory reform. --- Research and development. --- Safe Asset. --- Separatrix (mathematics). --- Shareholder value. --- Shareholder. --- Shortage. --- Software. --- Speculation. --- Stagnation point. --- State government. --- Subsidy. --- Technical debt. --- Technology. --- U.S. Steel. --- United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016. --- Value investing. --- Virginia Raggi. --- Wealth. --- When Genius Failed. --- Wide Variety. --- Work–life balance. --- Xerox. --- Year. --- YouTube. --- Zimbabwe. --- Change, Organizational --- Organization development --- Organizational development --- Organizational innovation --- Management --- Organization --- Manpower planning --- Investing --- Investment management --- Portfolio --- Finance --- Disinvestment --- Loans --- Saving and investment --- Speculation --- Incorporeal property --- Intangible assets --- Intangibles --- Property --- Business enterprises --- Business plans --- Corporate planning --- Corporate strategy --- Corporations --- Strategy, Corporate --- Planning --- Strategic planning --- Law and legislation --- intangible asset. --- intellectual capital. --- economic conditions. --- investment. --- нематериален актив --- immaterielt aktiv --- activo inmaterial --- activ necorporal --- nematerijalna imovina --- нематеријално средство --- bene immateriale --- ativo intangível --- immateriell tillgång --- aineeton omaisuus --- nematerialusis turtas --- sócmhainn dholáimhsithe --- immateriális javak --- wartości niematerialne i prawne --- immateriaalne vara --- nehmotný majetok --- assi intanġibbli --- neopredmeteno sredstvo --- нематеријална имовина --- immaterieller Vermögenswert --- nemateriālais aktīvs --- nehmotné aktivum --- immateriële activa --- άυλο περιουσιακό στοιχείο --- actif incorporel --- neviditelné aktivum --- immateriális eszköz --- capitale intangibile --- ativo invisível --- netaustāmais aktīvs --- aineeton tuote --- bene intangibile --- nematerialna sredstva --- propriété incorporelle --- ass inviżibbli --- bien immatériel --- нематериално благо --- usynligt aktiv --- nehmotný majetek --- intangible good --- ativo incorpóreo --- immaterielt gode --- netaustāmais pamatlīdzeklis --- proprjetà intanġibbli --- nicht körperlicher Gegenstand --- invisible asset --- nematerijalno vlasništvo --- nehmotné statky --- bienes intangibles --- bien incorporel --- immateriel ejendom --- dobra niematerialne --- нематериална вещ --- nemateriālais īpašums --- actif immatériel --- άυλο αγαθό --- αόρατο περιουσιακό στοιχείο --- bem intangível --- bene intanġibbli --- intangible property --- nematerialno premoženje --- nehmotný statok --- nematerialna dobrina --- immaterielles Gut --- nemateriālais pamatlīdzeklis --- activ invizibil --- nemateriāla prece --- actif invisible --- nematerialus turtas --- nematerijalno dobro --- propriedade intangível --- immateriell egendom --- нематериална стока --- nematerijalna sredstva --- immobilisation incorporelle --- onzichtbare activa --- nevidno sredstvo --- aktywa niematerialne i prawne --- bunuri necorporale --- neviditeľný majetok --- bun necorporal --- ativo imaterial --- produto intangível --- activos invisibles --- immateriële vaste activa --- näkymätön omaisuus --- ulaganje --- infheistíocht --- inwestycje --- naložba --- investeering --- investiții --- investiment --- beruházás --- Investition --- инвестиция --- investering --- investicija --- investissement --- investice --- улагање --- инвестиција --- inversión --- investimento --- investim --- investointi --- investícia --- ieguldījumi --- επένδυση --- capital expenditure --- kapitāla ieguldījumu prasības --- investiranje --- infheistiú --- kapitálové investice --- necessidades de investimento --- investeringsnoodzaak --- Investitionsbedarf --- inversión de capitales --- kapitalo investicijų poreikis --- investeerimine --- necesidades de inversión --- kapitálové investičné požiadavky --- capital investment requirement --- kërkesë për investime kapitale --- Kapitalinvestition --- rischio di investimento --- necesitatea investițiilor de capital --- cheltuieli de capital --- tasso d'investimento --- beruházási igény --- shpenzime kapitale --- kapitali investeerimisnõue --- kapitálové výdavky --- befektetés --- investeringsbehov --- befektetési igény --- besoin d'investissement --- капитална инвестиција --- kapitālieguldījumu izdevumi --- επενδυτική ανάγκη --- investoinnit --- investiční výdaje --- investavimas --- propensione agli investimenti --- kapitaalinvestering --- fabbisogno d'investimento --- kapitalinvestering --- kapitalinės išlaidos --- επένδυση κεφαλαίων --- investimento de capitais --- investissement de capitaux --- majandustingimused --- condición económica --- dálaí eacnamaíocha --- икономически условия --- condition économique --- ekonomiska förhållanden --- ekonomické podmínky --- kushte ekonomike --- ekonominės sąlygos --- taloudelliset olot --- економски услови --- Wirtschaftsverhältnisse --- økonomisk stilling --- економске прилике --- condições económicas --- economische toestand --- warunki gospodarcze --- ekonomske prilike --- hospodárske podmienky --- gospodarske razmere --- gazdasági feltételek --- condizione economica --- οικονομικές συνθήκες --- kundizzjonijiet ekonomiċi --- saimnieciskie nosacījumi --- condiții economice --- aspecto económico --- tržní vývoj --- aspekt ekonomik --- aspetto economico --- aspeto económico --- οικονομική πλευρά --- ekonomisk aspekt --- околности во стопанството --- aspect economic --- markedsudvikling --- taloudellinen näkökohta --- οικονομική όψη --- ekonomiskais aspekts --- hospodářské podmínky --- economic aspect --- ekonomické poměry --- aspect économique --- majanduslik aspekt --- Marktentwicklung --- gazdasági szempontok --- економско опкружување --- economische aspecten --- gospodarske prilike --- ekonominis aspektas --- hospodárske hľadisko --- hospodářské aspekty --- økonomisk aspekt --- економски аспект --- capital intellectuel --- intellektuel kapital --- intelektualni kapital --- интелектуален капитал --- intelektuálny kapitál --- intellektuellt kapital --- kapitał intelektualny --- capitale intellettuale --- intellektuelles Kapital --- kapital intelektual --- διανοητικό κεφάλαιο --- henkilöpääoma --- duševní kapitál --- caipiteal intleachtúil --- intelektuālais kapitāls --- интелектуални капитал --- szellemi tőke --- intellectueel kapitaal --- intelektinis kapitalas --- intellektuaalne kapital --- il-kapitali intelletwali --- capital intelectual --- капитал на знаење --- διανοητικοί πόροι --- recursos intelectuales --- ressource intellectuelle --- intellektuell resurs --- knowledge capital --- henkinen resurssi --- duševní zdroje --- intelektuální kapitál --- znalostní kapitál --- kapital spretnosti --- prasmju kapitāls --- vědomostní kapitál --- zasób wiedzy --- skills capital --- propjetà intelletwali --- znalostný kapitál --- капитал на вештини --- geistige Ressource --- vedomostný potenciál --- žinių kapitalas --- tudás tőkéje --- geistiges Kapital --- intellectuele rijkdommen --- risorsa intellettuale --- kapital i aftësive --- zasób umiejętności --- kapital znanja --- άυλο κεφάλαιο --- įgūdžių kapitalas --- vaimne kapital --- zināšanu kapitāls --- intellektuel ressource --- készségek tőkéje --- recurso intelectual --- kapital i dijes --- Intangible property - Economic aspects --- Intellectual capital - Management --- Investments --- Business planning --- Organizational change --- management. --- economics. --- ekonomikas zinātne --- ekonomie --- xjenza ekonomika --- taloustiede --- економски науки --- ekonomija --- science économique --- Wirtschaftswissenschaft --- közgazdaságtan --- ekonomi politike --- ekonomia --- eacnamaíocht --- științe economice --- economische wetenschap --- οικονομική επιστήμη --- ciência económica --- majandusteadus --- ekonómia --- ekonomika --- ekonomska znanost --- ciencia económica --- økonomisk videnskab --- ekonomisk vetenskap --- економска наука --- икономическа наука --- scienze economiche --- οικονομική θεωρία --- hospodářská teorie --- politická ekonómia --- taloustieteellinen teoria --- teori ekonomike --- политичка економија --- teoria económica --- economic theory --- economische theorie --- politikai gazdaságtan --- ekonomska teorija --- ekonomikos mokslai --- πολιτική οικονομία --- politisk ekonomi --- economía política --- економика --- politinė ekonomija --- Wirtschaftstheorie --- politička ekonomija --- økonomisk teori --- teoria economica --- teoría económica --- politieke economie --- poliitökonoomia --- politiskā ekonomija --- economic science --- théorie économique --- teorie economică --- Volkswirtschaftslehre --- poliittinen taloustiede --- ekonomisk teori --- économie politique --- shkencë ekonomike --- political economics --- ekonomikos teorija --- ekonomická teória --- ekonomická nauka --- political economy --- ekonomická teorie --- majandusteooria --- ekonomikas teorija --- economia politica --- economie politică --- economia política --- gazdaságelmélet --- економска теорија --- národohospodářství --- Nationalökonomie --- maniġment --- poslovodenje --- valdymas --- pārvaldība --- gestione --- johtaminen --- gestión --- ledning --- управување --- zarządzanie --- gestão --- management --- beheer --- пословодство --- διαχείριση --- manažment --- menaxhim --- menedzsment --- управление --- bainistíocht --- gestion --- menadžment --- juhtimine --- ledelse --- lyderystė --- ledarskap --- förvaltningssätt --- politica di gestione --- ledelsesform --- Betriebs- und Geschäftsleitung --- știința conducerii --- vezető szerep --- vállalat vezetése --- styring --- водеща роля --- Führung --- vedení --- johtajuus --- forma de gestão --- раководење --- mode de gestion --- amministrazione d'impresa --- upravljanje --- liderança --- vodstvo --- leadership --- poslovodstvo --- vadyba --- tmexxija --- capacités d’encadrement --- lederskab --- vadovavimas --- strategia di gestione --- vadovybė --- ηγεσία --- līderība --- capacități de conducere --- üzletvezetés --- řídicí aparát --- przywództwo --- менаџмент --- piano di gestione --- Managementmethode --- vodenje --- direzione operativa --- wijze van beheer --- vezetés --- liderazgo --- μάνατζμεντ --- líderstvo --- leiderschap --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Business management --- E-books
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