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Dissertation
4D electrical resistivity monitoring of cyclic aquifer thermal energy storage
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2017 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

The worldwide society needs more than ever to invest in new environmental friendly technologies to ensure the three E’s (Environmental protection, Environmental growth and Energy security). To tackle this problem, a technology as the Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) might be employed. Beside the design phase, ATES systems need to be monitored to ensure the efficiency of the ongoing thermal process. Therefore, in the present Master Thesis the 4D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is studied to assess its monitoring ability in ATES systems. In order to achieve this aim, a cyclic heat storage experiment has been performed and monitored by an ERT grid of 6 parallel profiles 60 m long, spaced each other by 3 m. The cyclic experiment was conducted in a site located in Hermalle-sous-Argenteau, in Belgium. It consisted in alternating 4 phases (one per day) of injections and withdrawals. During these phases, the water was injected (at 40°C) or pumped for 5 h with a flow rate of 3 m3/h. The obtained 2D time-lapse inverted models have been also converted in temperature values to better appreciate the thermal variations. Globally, the interpretation of both resistivity and temperature 2D time-lapse models led to successfully monitor the plume across the time and the space. Such results have been also compared with direct measurements made in 5 piezometers in the vicinity of the well, obtaining good agreement. Although 3D time-lapse inversions did not show perfect results, they contributed partially to monitor the plume. Finally, asymmetric results from 3D and 2D time-lapse models contributed to spot heterogeneities in the studied site. To conclude, this elaborated has demonstrated the potentials of the 4D ERT as monitoring tool in ATES systems, broadening the future perspectives of this topic.


Book
Design of Heat Exchangers for Heat Pump Applications
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Heat pumps (HPs) allow for providing heat without direct combustion, in both civil and industrial applications. They are very efficient systems that, by exploiting electrical energy, greatly reduce local environmental pollution and CO2 global emissions. The fact that electricity is a partially renewable resource and because the coefficient of performance (COP) can be as high as four or more, means that HPs can be nearly carbon neutral for a full sustainable future. The proper selection of the heat source and the correct design of the heat exchangers is crucial for attaining high HP efficiencies. Heat exchangers (also in terms of HP control strategies) are hence one of the main elements of HPs, and improving their performance enhances the effectiveness of the whole system. Both the heat transfer and pressure drop have to be taken into account for the correct sizing, especially in the case of mini- and micro-geometries, for which traditional models and correlations can not be applied. New models and measurements are required for best HPs system design, including optimization strategies for energy exploitation, temperature control, and mechanical reliability. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach of the analysis is requested and become the future challenge.

Keywords

History of engineering & technology --- adsorption --- cooling technology --- chiller --- heat exchanger --- waste heat utilization --- CFD --- heat pumps --- EnergyPlus --- buildings --- exergy transfer performance --- nanofluids --- marine seawater source --- heat pump --- graphene nanoparticles --- ground-to-air heat exchangers --- GAHE --- experimental results --- preheating and precooling for HVAC --- energy saving for HVAC --- models for calculating the thermal efficiency of ground-to-air heat exchangers --- shallow geothermal system --- dual source heat pump --- phase change materials --- numerical simulations --- tube heat exchanger with plate-fins --- air-side Nusselt number --- various heat transfer equations in each tube row --- CFD modelling --- empirical heat transfer equation --- ground coupled heat pumps --- borehole heat exchangers --- distributed temperature response test --- grouting material --- hydration heat release --- ground heat exchanger --- whole-building energy simulation --- ground source heat pump --- g-Function --- adsorption --- cooling technology --- chiller --- heat exchanger --- waste heat utilization --- CFD --- heat pumps --- EnergyPlus --- buildings --- exergy transfer performance --- nanofluids --- marine seawater source --- heat pump --- graphene nanoparticles --- ground-to-air heat exchangers --- GAHE --- experimental results --- preheating and precooling for HVAC --- energy saving for HVAC --- models for calculating the thermal efficiency of ground-to-air heat exchangers --- shallow geothermal system --- dual source heat pump --- phase change materials --- numerical simulations --- tube heat exchanger with plate-fins --- air-side Nusselt number --- various heat transfer equations in each tube row --- CFD modelling --- empirical heat transfer equation --- ground coupled heat pumps --- borehole heat exchangers --- distributed temperature response test --- grouting material --- hydration heat release --- ground heat exchanger --- whole-building energy simulation --- ground source heat pump --- g-Function


Book
Design of Heat Exchangers for Heat Pump Applications
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

Heat pumps (HPs) allow for providing heat without direct combustion, in both civil and industrial applications. They are very efficient systems that, by exploiting electrical energy, greatly reduce local environmental pollution and CO2 global emissions. The fact that electricity is a partially renewable resource and because the coefficient of performance (COP) can be as high as four or more, means that HPs can be nearly carbon neutral for a full sustainable future. The proper selection of the heat source and the correct design of the heat exchangers is crucial for attaining high HP efficiencies. Heat exchangers (also in terms of HP control strategies) are hence one of the main elements of HPs, and improving their performance enhances the effectiveness of the whole system. Both the heat transfer and pressure drop have to be taken into account for the correct sizing, especially in the case of mini- and micro-geometries, for which traditional models and correlations can not be applied. New models and measurements are required for best HPs system design, including optimization strategies for energy exploitation, temperature control, and mechanical reliability. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach of the analysis is requested and become the future challenge.


Book
Design of Heat Exchangers for Heat Pump Applications
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

Heat pumps (HPs) allow for providing heat without direct combustion, in both civil and industrial applications. They are very efficient systems that, by exploiting electrical energy, greatly reduce local environmental pollution and CO2 global emissions. The fact that electricity is a partially renewable resource and because the coefficient of performance (COP) can be as high as four or more, means that HPs can be nearly carbon neutral for a full sustainable future. The proper selection of the heat source and the correct design of the heat exchangers is crucial for attaining high HP efficiencies. Heat exchangers (also in terms of HP control strategies) are hence one of the main elements of HPs, and improving their performance enhances the effectiveness of the whole system. Both the heat transfer and pressure drop have to be taken into account for the correct sizing, especially in the case of mini- and micro-geometries, for which traditional models and correlations can not be applied. New models and measurements are required for best HPs system design, including optimization strategies for energy exploitation, temperature control, and mechanical reliability. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach of the analysis is requested and become the future challenge.

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