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Inappropriate behaviors of potential guide dogs (puppies) for the blind and coping behaviors of their adult female raisers (puppy walkers: PWs) were videotaped in their play situation at home from when the puppies were 2–11 or 12 months of age. The frequency of inappropriate behavior decreased with an increase in the puppies' age, suggesting that human–dog relationships became friendlier. The PWs tended to use moderate coping behaviors to stop the inappropriate behaviors of the puppies. Rejecting interaction with the puppies was effective for stopping the puppies from biting the PWs. Forcible stopping was effective for stopping the puppies from damaging objects. Not responding to the puppies was effective for stopping the puppies from biting the PWs, barking/growling and damaging objects.

Adult. --- Age. --- Behavior. --- Coping behavior. --- Coping strategy. --- Coping. --- Dog. --- Dogs. --- Female. --- Frequency. --- Guide dogs for the blind. --- Human-animal relationship. --- Human. --- Inappropriate behavior. --- Increase. --- Interaction. --- Object. --- Objects. --- Play. --- Potential guide dogs. --- Puppies. --- Puppy. --- Service dog.

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The problem at the South African Police Service Dog Breeding Centre was that most of their progenies were unsuitable as police dogs. Behaviour tests were developed specifically for police dogs to predict their efficiency as adults. Puppies from the age of 8 weeks were exposed to situations that they probably would encounter in their work as police dogs. These experiences included crossing of obstacles, retrieval of objects, startle stimuli and aggression. In the longitudinal study of 2 years it was found that all the tests had statistical significance to a greater or lesser extent, except the gunshot test. The most significant tests were retrieval at 8 weeks and aggression at 9 months. These tests thus enable selection for suitable dogs as early as 8 weeks of age, but not later than 9 months. The conclusion is that reliable tests can predict adult police dog efficiency and in doing so, save unnecessary training and other costs on unsuccessful dogs. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Adult. --- Age. --- Aggression. --- Behavior. --- Behaviour. --- Breeding. --- Cost. --- Costs. --- Development,german shepherd,police dog,temperament tests. --- Dog. --- Dogs. --- Early prediction. --- Experience. --- Object. --- Objects. --- Prediction. --- Puppies. --- Puppy. --- Pups. --- Selection. --- Service dog. --- Situations. --- Startle. --- Stimuli. --- Test. --- Tests. --- Training. --- Work.

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Heritability calculated for characteristics evaluated in behavioural tests can be used as a tool to select different kinds of service dogs. The evaluation was based on the test results of 1310 German shepherds and 797 Labrador retrievers. The heritability for all evaluated characteristics of the two breeds was significantly different from zero with the exception of the characteristic prey drive in Labrador retrievers. The test results for each characteristic were summarised to form an index value which simplified the interpretation of the test results. The heritability for this index value was 0.24 for both German shepherds and Labrador retrievers, a value that must be considered high as it included all tested parameters. The heritability was also calculated for the four factors derived from a factor analysis of the test results. Heritability estimates for these four factors were 0.15 to 0.32. The results show that complex behavioural patterns in dogs can be subjectively evaluated by an experienced person and that no more than a few characteristics are needed in order to describe the differences between dogs. Breeding results in a German shepherd population at the Swedish Dog Training Centre (SDTC) improved a relatively short time after the initiation of basing the selection of breeding animals on the index value of each individual animal. German shepherds bred by the SDTC also had higher index values than privately bred dogs which shows the importance of a goal-oriented breeding programme with emphasis on service dog characteristics. Finally different ways in which to collect information about dog behaviour are discussed. It is suggested that a subjective evaluation of certain behaviour characteristics is preferred to a factual description of reactions.

Analysis. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Behaviour. --- Behavioural test. --- Breed. --- Breeding. --- Dog. --- Dogs. --- Drive. --- Genetics. --- German shepherd. --- Heritability. --- Labrador retriever. --- Parameters. --- Pattern. --- Patterns. --- Population. --- Prey. --- Selection. --- Service dog. --- Temperament test. --- Temperament. --- Test. --- Tests. --- Time. --- Tool. --- Training.

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The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) has been subjected to a huge range of selection pressures during domestication that has resulted in a considerable diversity in morphology and behaviour. This, together with the many uses the dog is put to in our society, makes the dog an interesting model for studies of animal personality. However, only a few attempts have been done to study individual differences in dogs. In this study, behavioural data from 15,329 dogs of 164 different breeds were used to investigate the existence of personality traits in dogs. The data were collected at a personality test that tested the dogs' reactions to strangers, "fleeing" prey-like objects, and several potential fear- and aggression-eliciting stimuli. Factor analyses revealed the existence of five narrow traits: "Playfulness", "Curiosity/Fearlessness", "Chase-proneness", "Sociability" and "Aggressiveness". Higher-order factor analyses showed that all factors except "Aggressiveness" were related to each other, creating a broad factor that influences behaviour in a range of situations. Both narrow and broad factors were found in a dataset including data from a large number of breeds, as well as within eight of Federation Cynologique Internationale's (FCI's) 10 breed groups. This indicates that the personality dimensions found in the study are general for the dog as a species. The finding of a major behavioural dimension in different groups of dog breeds, together with comparable results previously found for wolves (Canis lupus), suggests that the dimension is evolutionarily stable and has survived the varied selection pressures encountered during domestication. The broad factor is comparable to the shyness-boldness axis previously found in both humans and animals, and to human "supertraits" (a combination of Extraversion and Neuroticism). The results of this study can be used to describe and compare individual dogs, as well as breeds. This, in turn, can be used in applications like selec

Aggression. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Application. --- Behaviour problems. --- Behaviour. --- Breed. --- Breeding. --- Canis-familiaris. --- Canis. --- Dimension. --- Dimensions. --- Diversity. --- Dog. --- Dogs,personality,temperament,individual differences,shyness-boldness,aggression. --- Dogs. --- Domestic dog. --- Domestication. --- Fear. --- Group. --- Human. --- Humans. --- Individual difference. --- Individual differences. --- Individual-differences. --- Model. --- Monkeys. --- Morphology. --- Object. --- Objects. --- Personality. --- Pet dogs. --- Pet. --- Selection. --- Service dog. --- Sex. --- Shyness. --- Situations. --- Stimuli. --- Test. --- Wolf. --- Wolves.

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In the 15 years since the first edition of Handbook on Animal-Assisted Therapy published, the field has changed considerably. The fourth edition of the Handbook highlights advances in the field, with 11 new chapters and over 40% new material. In reading this book, therapists will discover the benefits of incorporating animal-assisted therapy (AAT) into their practices, best practices in animal-assisted intervention, how to design and implement animal-assisted interventions, and the efficacy of AAT with different disorders and patient populations. Coverage includes the use of AAT with children, the elderly, those receiving palliative care, as well as people with chronic disorders, AIDS, trauma, and autistic spectrum disorders. Additional chapters cover techniques for working with families, in juvenile and criminal justice systems, and in colleges and universities.

Animals -- Therapeutic use. --- Human-animal relationships. --- Pets -- Therapeutic use. --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Occupational Therapy & Rehabilitation --- Animals --- Pets --- Therapeutic use. --- Pet therapy --- Animal-human relationships --- Animal-man relationships --- Animals and humans --- Human beings and animals --- Man-animal relationships --- Relationships, Human-animal --- AAT (Animal-assisted therapy) --- Animal-assisted therapy --- Animal Assisted Therapy. --- Therapy Animals. --- Service Animals. --- Alert Dogs --- Assistance Animals --- Assistance Dogs --- Guide Dogs --- Hearing Dogs --- Seeing Eye Dogs --- Service Dogs --- Alert Dog --- Assistance Animal --- Assistance Dog --- Dog, Alert --- Dog, Assistance --- Dog, Guide --- Dog, Hearing --- Dog, Seeing Eye --- Dog, Service --- Dogs, Alert --- Dogs, Assistance --- Dogs, Guide --- Dogs, Hearing --- Dogs, Seeing Eye --- Dogs, Service --- Guide Dog --- Hearing Dog --- Seeing Eye Dog --- Service Animal --- Service Dog --- Comfort Animals --- Emotional Support Animals --- Emotional Support Dogs --- Pet Therapy Animals --- Pet Therapy Dogs --- Therapy Dogs --- Animal, Comfort --- Animal, Emotional Support --- Animal, Pet Therapy --- Animal, Therapy --- Animals, Comfort --- Animals, Emotional Support --- Animals, Pet Therapy --- Animals, Therapy --- Comfort Animal --- Dog, Emotional Support --- Dog, Pet Therapy --- Dog, Therapy --- Dogs, Emotional Support --- Dogs, Pet Therapy --- Dogs, Therapy --- Emotional Support Animal --- Emotional Support Dog --- Pet Therapy Animal --- Pet Therapy Dog --- Therapy Animal --- Therapy Dog --- Therapy Dog, Pet --- Animal Facilitated Therapy --- Pet Facilitated Therapy --- Pet Therapy --- Pet-Assisted Therapy --- Animal Assisted Therapies --- Animal Facilitated Therapies --- Facilitated Therapy, Animal --- Pet Assisted Therapy --- Pet Facilitated Therapies --- Pet Therapies --- Pet-Assisted Therapies --- Therapy, Animal Assisted --- Therapy, Animal Facilitated --- Therapy, Pet --- Therapy, Pet Facilitated --- Therapy, Pet-Assisted --- Therapy Animals